Scientific Methods for the Humanities -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Dedication page -- Table of contents -- List of Figures, Tables and Graphs -- Acknowledgements -- Foreword -- A new beginning -- 1.1 Understanding versus explaining -- 1.2 Some problems -- 1.3 Two cultures? -- 1.4 The scientific study of meaning -- 1.5 A visit to Wundt's laboratory -- 1.6 The Wundt curve -- 1.7 Empirical aesthetics -- 1.8 The Clockwork Muse -- 1.9 Complexity -- 1.10 Why methodology? -- Assignment -- To be carried out before turning to chapter two -- Some misconceptions about scientific and empirical research of culture -- Basic insights from the philosophy of science -- 2.1 The word 'science' -- 2.2 Motion -- 2.3 Foundations -- 2.4 Contradictions -- 2.5 Predictions -- 2.6 An experiment -- 2.7 Comparison of theories -- 2.8 Critique -- 2.9 White swans, black swans -- 2.10 A three-stage model -- 2.11 Immune theories -- 2.12 The truth? -- 2.13 Research, an example -- 2.14 Conclusion -- Research methodology and design -- 3.1 Against monomethodology -- 3.2 Making a plan for research -- 3.2.1 Step 1 -- 3.2.2 Step 2 -- 3.2.3 Step 3 -- 3.2.4 Step 4 -- 3.2.5 Step 5 -- 3.3 Laying out your conceptual model -- 3.3.1 Step 6 -- 3.4 A study of the literature -- 3.4.1 Make a plan -- 3.4.2 Look for sources -- 3.4.3 PsycINFO -- 3.4.4 Evaluation -- Methods of data collection -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Observation research -- 4.2.1 Deciding on the type of observation research -- 4.2.2 Degree of researcher involvement -- 4.2.3 Reduce subject interactivity -- 4.2.4 How to avoid observer bias -- 4.3 Stages in the research -- 4.4 Think-aloud protocols -- 4.5 Diary -- 4.6 Interview -- 4.7 Focus groups -- 4.8 Experiment -- 4.9 Content analysis -- 4.10 Survey -- 4.10.1 Cross-section study -- 4.10.2 Panel study -- 4.10.3 Trend studies -- 4.10.4 Cohort studies.

4.11 What is next? -- 4.12 Other sources -- 4.12.1 Observations -- 4.12.2 Electronic texts -- 4.12.3 Concordances -- 4.12.4 Analyzing qualitative research material -- How to construct a questionnaire -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Levels of measurement -- 5.3 Types of questions -- 5.3.1 Checklist -- 5.3.2 Multiple choice -- 5.3.3 Graphic rating scale -- 5.3.4 Itemized rating scale -- 5.3.5 Rank-order rating scale -- 5.3.6 Constant-sum rating scale and fractionation rating scale -- 5.3.7 Likert scale -- 5.3.8 Semantic differential scales -- 5.4 How to formulate a question? -- 5.5 Questionnaire design -- 5.6 Instruction -- 5.7 Layout -- 5.8 Procedure -- Experiment -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Independent and dependent variables -- 6.3 Designs -- 6.3.1 Between-subjects designs -- 6.3.2 Within-subjects designs -- 6.4 Building an experimental design -- 6.4.1 Extending on the classical experimental design -- 6.4.2 Doing the 'next best thing' -- 6.5 Control groups -- 6.6 Estimating validity -- 6.6.1 Internal validity -- 6.6.2 External validity -- How to enter and manipulate data in SPSS -- 7.1 Why use a computer program? -- 7.2 Start SPSS -- 7.3 Preparing the Variable View -- 7.4 Entering the data in data view -- 7.5 Manipulating data -- 7.5.1 Compute: making new variables based on your data -- 7.5.2 Recode: changing the values of your variables -- 7.5.3 Select Cases: doing analyses on a subset of your data -- 7.6 Closing SPSS -- Descriptive statistics -- 8.1 Two measures of descriptive statistics -- 8.2 Measures of central tendency -- 8.3 Measures of dispersion -- 8.4 The normal distribution -- 8.5 Two distributions -- 8.6 Descriptive statistics with spss -- 8.7 Cronbach's α -- 8.8 Graphs -- 8.8.1 Bar charts -- 8.8.2 Line graph -- 8.8.3 Boxplots -- 8.9 Final words -- Inference Statistics -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Errors -- 9.3 Region of rejection.

9.4 Regression analysis -- 9.5 Correlations -- 9.6 Outlook -- Inference statistics -- 10.1 Which test(s) to choose? -- 10.2 t-test -- 10.3 Wilcoxon test for paired samples -- 10.4 Mann-whitney ('U-Test') for independent samples -- 10.5 The Kruskal-Wallis test -- 10.6 Non-parametric tests for related samples -- 10.7 Crosstabs -- 10.8 Overview -- Inference statistics -- 11.1 Analysis of variance -- 11.2 General Linear Model -- 11.3 Repeated measures -- 11.4 Conclusion -- Communicating results -- 12.1 Oral presentations -- 12.1.1 Submitting an abstract -- 12.1.2 Presenting yourself -- 12.1.3 Organizational aspects -- 12.1.4 Preparing a script -- 12.1.5 Speaking to an audience -- 12.1.6 Discussion time -- 12.1.7 Using media -- 12.2 Written presentations -- 12.2.1 Where to publish -- 12.2.2 Structuring your paper -- 12.2.2.1 Title page -- 12.2.2.2 Keywords -- 12.2.2.3 Abstract -- 12.2.2.4 Introduction -- 12.2.2.5 Method -- 12.2.2.6 Results -- 12.2.2.7 Discussion -- 12.2.3 Where to begin -- 12.2.4 Some stylistic reminders -- 12.2.4.1 Pronouns -- 12.2.4.2 Markers -- 12.2.4.3 Gender -- 12.2.4.4 Politeness -- 12.2.4.5 Tone -- 12.2.5 Sources and citing -- 12.2.5.1 Citing sources APA style -- 12.2.5.2 Citing sources MLA style -- 12.2.6 Some words of caution -- 12.2.7 Final checklist before submitting -- 12.2.8 Submitting your paper -- 12.3 Poster sessions -- 12.3.1 Preparations -- 12.3.2 Graphs, tables, illustrations -- 12.3.3 The text -- 12.3.4 Making the poster -- 12.4 Final words -- Epilogue -- Bibliography -- Notes on contributors -- Author index.