Second Language Acquisition Abroad -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Dedication page -- Table of contents -- Foreword -- Chapter 1 - Introduction -- 1. The missionaries and their language learning experience -- 2. Overview of this volume -- 3. Conclusion -- References -- Section I. Acquisition of mission languages -- Chapter 2 - Language learning and teaching in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Language and Learning in the Early Days of the Church -- 3. Development of the Deseret Alphabet -- 4. Immigrant Language Learning -- 5. Early Missionary language learning -- 7. Approach to Language Teaching in the LTM and MTC -- 8. Missionary Language Achievement Before and After the Mission -- 9. Language Maintenance and Language Attrition Among Returned Missionaries -- References -- Chapter 3 - The development of speaking proficiency of LDS missionaries -- 1. Missionary language learning experience -- 2. Language acquisition considerations -- 3. Speaking proficiency assessment -- 4. Methodology -- 5. Results -- 6. Comparisons with Undergraduate Students -- 7. Discussion -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 - An examination of the effects of input, aptitude, and motivation on the language proficiency of missionaries learning Japanese as a second language -- 1. Individual differences -- 2. Language learning aptitude -- 3. Motivation -- 4. Input -- 5. Research questions -- 6. Methodology -- 6.1 Participants -- 6.2 Procedures -- 6.3 Proficiency measures -- 7. Aptitude -- 8. Input -- 9. Results -- 9.1 Characteristics of the participants -- 10. Time in Japan -- 11. Proficiency levels -- 12. Motivation -- 13. Language aptitude and working memory -- 14. A more complete regression model -- 15. Discussion -- References -- Appendix A -- Part I: Background information.

Part 2. Language usage questions -- Appendix B Appendix of statistical procedures -- Robust correlation -- Hierarchical cluster modeling -- Regression -- Appendix C -- Appendix D Selected data -- Chapter 5 - In the beginning was the word -- 1. Input -- 2. Language distance -- 3. Gender -- 4. Motivation, attitudes, and beliefs about language learning -- 5. Research questions -- 6. Method -- 6.1 Subjects -- 7. Instruments and data collection -- 7.1 L2 vocabulary elicitation -- 7.2 Survey -- 8. Findings -- 8.1 L2 input and vocabulary acquisition over time -- 9. Language distance -- 10. Gender -- 11. Affective variables -- 11.1 Regression analysis -- 12. Discussion -- 13. Future research -- References -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Survey -- Section II. Attrition of mission languages -- Chapter 6 - The lost word -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Vocabulary attrition in mission languages -- 1.2 Second language input -- 2. Language distance -- 2.1 Gender -- 2.2 Motivation, attitudes, beliefs -- 3. Research questions -- 4. Method -- 4.1 Subjects -- 5. Instruments and data collection -- 5.1 Survey -- 5.2 L2 vocabulary elicitation -- 6. Findings -- 6.1 L2 input and vocabulary attrition over time -- 7. Language distance -- 8. Gender -- 9. Affect variables -- 10. Replication of the acquisition study regression -- 11. Discussion -- References -- Appendix I -- Chapter 7 - Vocabulary attrition in adult speakers of Spanish as a second language -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Purpose of this study -- 3. Method -- 3.1 Participants -- 3.2 Instruments -- 3.3 Procedures -- 3.4 Data treatment and analysis -- 4. Results -- 4.1 An overview -- 4.2 Differences in individual subject backgrounds -- 4.3 Vocabulary loss by category -- 5. Form -- 5.1 Words whose forms were not retrievable - Category 110 -- 5.2 English substitutions - Category 111 -- 5.3 Phonetic alterations - Category 112.

5.4 Morphological changes - Category 120 -- 5.5 Form and meaning - Category 210 -- 6. Grammatical constraints -- 6.1 Tense and Aspect - Categories 313 and 314 -- 6.2 Aspect - Category 314 -- 6.3 Mood - Category 315 -- 6.4 Gender - Category 312 -- 6.5 Articles - Category 310 -- 6.6 Subject-Verb agreement - Category 311 -- 6.7 Clitic pronouns - Category 316 -- 6.8 Collocations with grammatical morphemes - Category 320 -- 7. Summary and conclusions -- References -- Appendix A -- A story retelling task performance by four subjects at times 1 and 4 -- Chapter 8 - Savings in the relearning of mission vocabulary -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Language acquisition and attrition -- 3. Language relearning -- 4. The savings paradigm applied to vocabulary relearning -- 5. Methods -- 5.1 Subjects -- 5.2 Instruments and data collection -- 6. Results -- 7. Discussion -- 7.1 Savings potency -- 7.2 Time elapsed since departure from L2 milieu -- 7.3 Group differences -- 7.4 Individual differences: The rich get richer -- chapter 9 - What counts in the retention of numeral classifiers in Japanese and Chinese? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Numeral classifier systems -- 3. Acquisition of numeral classifiers -- 3.1 The regression hypothesis -- 4. Method -- 4.1 Subjects and data collection -- 4.2 Elicitation instruments -- 4.3 Calculating suppliance -- 5. Results -- 5.1 Acquisition and attrition stages -- 5.2 Sequences of semantic accessibility in acquisition and attrition -- 5.3 Language universals and markedness -- 5.4 Frequency in input -- 5.5 Regression hypothesis -- 6. Discussion -- References -- Appendix -- Chapter 10 - Syntactic attrition in L2 Japanese missionary language -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Purpose -- 3. Background -- 4. Research questions -- 4.1 Particle accuracy -- 4.2 Syntactic complexity -- 4.3 Syntactic variety -- 4.4 formal instruction -- 5. Method.

5.1 Subjects -- 5.2 Data collection and analysis -- 6. Results and discussion -- 6.1 Previous lexical and syntactic attrition studies - Two-year period -- 6.2 Syntactic attrition - Ten years later -- 6.3 Effects of formal instruction -- 7. Conclusion -- Appendix A -- Statistical tables -- Appendix B -- Different Types of Subordinate Clauses Used -- Appendix C -- Transcribed Speech Sample -- Chapter 11 - The measurement of oral fluency in mission languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Method -- 2.1 Subjects -- 2.2 Instruments and data collection -- 2.3 Analysis of hesitation phenomena -- 3. Results -- 4. Summary and discussion of L2 Japanese findings -- 5. Future measurement of oral fluency -- References -- Comprehensive bibliography of mission language references: Annotated -- Comprehensive bibliography of mission language references: Unannotated -- Index.