Front Matter -- Foreword -- Dedication -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Assessment Policy and Politics -- 3 Legal Frameworks -- 4 Tests as Measurements -- 5 Tracking -- 6 Promotion and Retention -- 7 Awarding or Withholding High School Diplomas -- 8 Students with Disabilities -- 9 English-Language Learners -- 10 Use of Voluntary National Test Scores for Tracking, Promotion, or Graduation Decisions -- 11 Potential Strategies for Promoting Appropriate Test Use -- 12 Findings and Recommendations -- Biographical Sketches -- Index.