LANGUAGE, DISCOURSE AND TRANSLATION IN THE WEST AND MIDDLE EAST -- Editorial page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Part I. Theory, Cognition , Ideology -- Cognition, Communication, Translation, Instruction: The Geopolitics of Discourse -- A. Translation versus the 'science of language' -- B. Language and discourse as control systems -- C. The politics of language science -- D. The geopolitics of discourse and translation -- E. Language instruction as a control process -- F. One world of knowledge and discourse? -- References -- Discourse, Ideology and Translation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Terminology -- 3. A model for analysis -- 4. Application: Ideology in translation -- 4.1 The data -- 4.2 Lexical cohesion -- 4.3 Discourse indicators -- 4.4 Theme/rheme arrangement -- 4.5 Text structure -- 5. A text-linguistic approach to descriptive translation studies -- References -- Translation as a Knowledge-Based Activity: Context, Culture, and Cognition -- Introduction -- Context -- Culture -- Cognition -- Conclusion -- A Typology for Translation -- A. Pre-modern classifications -- B. Modern classifications -- C. Multiple parameters -- References -- Part II. Aspects for Comparison -- Ideational Equivalence in Translation -- Formal, functional, and ideational equivalence -- Arabic and English data -- Conclusion -- References -- The Translation of Style -- Conclusion -- References -- The Rhetoric of Paragraphing across Cultures: Some Effects on Translation -- Conclusion -- References -- Part III. Arabic - English Contacts -- Terminological Inconsistencies in English-Arabic Translation -- Introduction -- Conclusion -- References -- The Role and Future of Journalistic Translation -- 1. Translation in theory and practice -- The Influence of Journalistic Translation on Arabic -- References.

Loan Translations in Written Jordanian News Media -- History and status of English in Jordan -- Loan Translations -- Conclusion -- References -- 'Monitoring' and 'Managing' in Radio News Reports -- 1. Monitoring and managing -- 2. Emotive connotations and the translation of news reports -- 3. Monitoring and managing in radio news reports -- 4. Managing at radio stations -- References -- Arabic-English Code-Switching at the University: A Sociolinguistic Study -- 1. Code-switching in Iraq -- 2. Data on Arabic-English code-switching -- 2.1. Linguistic analysis of the data -- 3. Linguistic versus extra-linguistic constraints on code-switching -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Part IV. Lexicology and Grammar -- Terminological Problems in Arabic -- The terminological impasse -- Historical roots of the situation -- Eight major problems today -- Conclusion -- References -- Verb-Particle Combinations in English and Arabic: Problems for Arab Lexicographers and Translators -- Typical attitudes -- The choice of terms -- English data -- Arabic data -- Problems for Arab translators -- Conclusion -- References -- The Semantic Diversity of 'faccala' Forms -- introduction -- Semantic divergences between basic form and 'faccala' form -- Semantic divergences between basic form and 'faccala' form -- Quadri-radical verbs -- Verbs without a 'faccala' form -- Semantic diversity -- Some conclusions -- Selected References -- Designing English-Arabic Dictionaries -- Language-learning attitudes -- Evidence for actual language usage -- Towards a new generation of English-Arabic dictionaries -- References -- Part V. Pedagogical Appliations -- Translation as a Resource : Teaching English as a Foreign Language -- 1. Background and status of translation -- 2. Some translation activities in TEFL -- 2.1 Exploring grammar -- 2.2 Building and activating vocabulary.

2.3 Reading comprehension -- 2.4 Listening comprehension and speaking -- 2.5 Teaching translation itself -- 3. Alleviating negative effects in language classes -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Empowering Student Translators in the Classroom -- 1. The current situation -- 2. Expanding our conception of language skills -- 2.1 Listening and comprehending -- 2.2 Speaking and turn-taking -- 2.3 Making comparisons between languages or texts -- 3. Sample translation activities -- Activity 1: Exchanging oral roles in an interview -- Activity 2: Interchanging oral and written roles -- Activity 3: Exchanging roles at an exhibition -- Activity 4: Exchanging oral roles in the classroom setting -- Activity 5: Exchanging oral roles: in shopping -- Activity 6: Discussing recorded translation activities -- Activity 7: Preparing revisions -- Conclusion -- Part VI. Geopolitical Outlooks -- Military Translation -- Military translation through the ages -- The Jordanian military arena -- Quality and capacity in military translation -- Main interests, purposes, and message types -- Conclusion -- References -- international Federation of Translators and its role in the Arab World -- international presence -- Objectives -- Commissions and committees -- The Dubrovnik Charter -- The Nairobi Recommendation -- Congresses, Round Table Conferences, and Publications -- Regional Centres and Activities -- The F.I.T. programme in 1990 to 1993 -- Consultations, Conferences, and Proceedings : Their Role as Discourse Transactions -- A. 'Modernisation' versus 'progress' -- B. Three scenarios -- C. The Momentum of Discourse Analysis -- D. Post-Colonial Contexts -- E. The irbid Encounter -- F. Back to the Future -- References -- Addresses of contributors -- Index of names -- Index of terms.