FOOD SECURITY -- FOOD SECURITY -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- DOES IT REALLY MATTER WHETHER FOOD IS PRODUCED AND PROVIDED BY A MAN OR A WOMAN? -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. RURAL SUDAN CONTEXT -- 3. RESEARCH METHODS -- 4. THE PRODUCERS AND PROVIDERS OF HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY -- 4.1. Gender Division of Labor in Rural Areas -- 4.2. Gender Role in Food Production -- 4.3. Male's and Female's Coping and Risk-Reduction Strategies -- 4.4. Safe Household Drinking Water -- 5. SUSTAINING HOUSEHOLD FOOD SUPPLIES -- 5.1. Gender Role in Post-Harvesting Activities -- 5.2. Alternative Food Resources -- 6. GENDER ROLE IN ENSURING HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY AND IMPROVING NUTRITIONAL QUALITY -- 6.1. Men's and Women's Contribution to Their Household Nutrition Status -- 6.2. Decisions about What Food to Cook Each Day -- 7. LESSONS LEARNED -- 7.1. Mapping Gender Inequalities in Terms of Access to Resources and Services -- 7.2. How the Problems Women as Food Producer Encountered Can be Resolved Through Policies and Interventions? -- 7.3. Gender Framework to Promote the Food Security Producers and Providers -- CONCLUSION AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- REFERENCES -- IMPACT OF VEGETABLE BREEDING INDUSTRY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN BIODIVERSITY AND FOOD SECURITY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. WORLD IMPORTANCE OF VEGETABLES -- 3. VEGETABLE MARKETING AND TRADING -- 4. VEGETABLE BREEDING INDUSTRY, BIODIVERSITY AND FOOD SECURITY -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Techniques of Vegetable Breeding -- 4.3. The Commercial Breeding Industry -- 5. INTELECTUAL PROPERTY IN VEGETABLE BREEDING -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Plant Breeder's Rights -- 5.3. Patent Rights -- 5.4. Plant Breeder's Rights versus Patent Rights -- 6. TRENDS IN BIODIVERSITY AND VEGETABLE BREEDING -- 7. FOOD SECURITY AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND POOR VEGETABLE FARMERS -- CONCLUSION.

REFERENCES -- TRADE AND AGRICULTURAL POLICY REFORM FOR FOOD SECURITY IN TOMORROW'S AFRICA AND ASIA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND WORLD TRADE -- 3. GLOBAL TRADE INSTITUTIONS AND AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY -- Market Access -- Domestic Support -- Export Subsidies -- 4. ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL AGENCIES AND INSTITUTIONS ON TRADE -- 5. DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND TRADE IN AFRICA -- 6. DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND TRADE IN ASIA -- 7. GLOBAL FOOD SITUATION -- The Main Aspects of Global Food Security -- Availability -- Stability -- Utilization -- Access -- 8. THREATS TO FOOD IN AFRICA -- 9. THREATS TO FOOD IN ASIA -- 10. IMPLICATIONS OF ASIAN AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND TRADE FOR AFRICA -- 11. REFORMING AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND TRADE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL THREATS FOR FOOD SECURITY IN AFRICA: PRESENT KNOWLEDGE AND FUTURE EXPECTATIONS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. KEY INTERNATIONAL POLICIES ON AGRICULTURE -- 2a.) Policy on Diversification of Farm Households -- 2b.) Rural economy and Land use Policies -- 2c.) Policies on Bio-Security -- 3. AGRICUTURAL SUBSIDY POLICIES AND FOOD SECURITY IN AFRICA -- 3a.) Impact of Agricultural Subsidy on African and Asian Farmers -- 3b.) Impact of Agricultural Subsidy on African Farmers -- 3c.) Impact of Agricultural Subsidy on Asian Farmers -- 3d.) Comparison of the Impact of Subsidy at Global Levels -- 4. ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS TO FOOD SECURITY IN AFRICA -- 4a.) Bio-Fuel Production -- 4b.) Climate Change -- 4c.) Other Environmental Threats to Food Security in Africa -- 5. POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC THREATS TO FOOD SECURITY IN AFRICA -- 5a.) Trade Barriers and Restrictions -- 5b.) Governments Policy Uncertainty -- 5c.) Oil and Gas Prices Movements -- 5d.) Political Instability and Wars.

5e.) Other Political and Economic Threats to Food Security in Africa -- 6. SOCIAL THREATS TO FOOD SECURITY IN AFRICA -- 6a.) Rapid population Growth -- 6b.) Land Ownership Challenges -- 6c.) Other Social Threats to Food Security in Africa -- 7. TECHNOLOGICAL THREATS TO FOOD SECURIY IN AFRICA -- 7a.) Inadequate Farming Technology and Equipments -- 7b.) Fertilizer Supply Challenges -- 7c.). Lack of Improved Seeds -- 7d.) Soil Fertility -- 7e.) Other Technological Threats to Food Security in Africa -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- ROLE OF RICE IN FOOD SECURITY OF BANGLADESH -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Demography -- 1.2. Major Issues and Challenges -- 1.2.1. High Population Growth -- 1.2.2. Declining and Degrading Land Resources -- 1.2.3. Decreasing Water Resources -- 1.2.4. Increasing Natural Hazards -- 1.2.5. Climate Change Vulnerability -- 1.2.6. Wide Yield Gap -- 2. FOOD SECURITY -- 2.1. Trends in Food Production, Consumption, Requirements and Nutrition -- 2.2. Food Availability -- 2.3. Food Production -- 2.3.1. Crop Production -- 2.3.2. Fish Production -- 2.3.3. Livestock Production -- 2.3.4. Seasonal Variation in Availability -- 2.3.5. Management and Research Needs -- 2.4. Consumption -- 2.5. Access to Food -- 2.5.1. Government's Social Safety Net Programs -- 2.5.2. Public Food Distribution System (PFDS) -- 2.6. Requirement -- 3. RICE IN FOOD SECURITY -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- AN ASSESSMENT OF THE BRAZILIAN POPULAR RESTAURANT PROGRAM AS AN INTEGRATED ACTION FOR FOOD SECURITY AND HEALTH PROMOTION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- The Popular Restaurants in the City of Palmas, Northern Brazil -- METHODOLOGY -- Data Collection -- Microbiological Analysis of Meals -- Statistical Analysis -- RESULTS -- Socio-Economic Profile of Popular Restaurants' Users -- Health Characteristics -- Dietary Assessment -- Microbiological Analysis of Food.

DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- FINANCIAL SUPPORT -- REFERENCES -- FOOD AND WATER SECURITY INITIATIVES IN POOR URBAN, PERI-URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN ETHEKWINI MUNICIPALITY, SOUTH AFRICA -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (IMS - AGROECOLOGY PROGRAM) -- 3. ETHEKWINI WATER AND SANITATION (EWS) -- 4. EXAMPLES OF PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN BY INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (IMS) AND ETHEKWINI WATER AND SANITATION (EWS) -- 4.1. Rainwater Harvesting (EWS and Valley Trust) -- 4.2. Composting -- (a.) Composting of Sewage Sludge (EWS) -- (b.) Sludge Pelletizing (EWS) -- (c.) Composting in Bags (IMS) -- 4.3. Biodigesters (IMS) -- 4.4. Use of Greywater for Irrigation -- (a.) Vertical Gardens for Densely Populated Informal Settlements (EWS) -- (b.) Container Gardening (IMS) -- (c.) Homestead Food Gardens for Rural Settlements (IMS and EWS, via Ethekwini Municipality Imagine Durban/Sustainable Cities Initiative) -- 4.5. Irrigation with Treated Wastewater -- (a.) Magabheni (EWS/IMS) -- (b.) Newlands-Mashu (EWS/BORDA/University of Kwazulu-Natal/IMS) -- 4.6. Recovery of Nutrients from Urine (EWS/University of Kwazulu-Natal/EAWAG) -- 5. INTEGRATED COMMUNITY UPLIFTMENT PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN BY EWS AND IMS -- 5.1. Johanna Road Informal Settlement -- 5.2. School Sanitation Project, Frasers Saraswati School, Tongaat -- CONCLUSION -- ACKOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH FOR FOOD SECURITY: THE CASE OF SHIFTING CULTIVATION AND THE REDD POLICY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. AN OVERVIEW OF SHIFITNG CULTIVATION IN ASIAN AND AFRICAN COUNTRIES -- 3. ECONOMIC POLICIES AND DEFORESTATION IN ASIAN AND AFRICAN COUNTRIES -- 4. ECONOMIC MODEL OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE -- 5. REDD POLICY AND PAYMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES (PES) -- CONCLUSION.

REFERENCES -- GOVERNANCE OF AQUACULTURE: PRINCIPLES AND BEST PRACTICES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES -- 2. THE ADMINISTRATION OF AQUACULTURE -- 3. THE LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK OF AQUACULTURE -- 4. THE REGULATION OF AQUACULTURE -- Regulations for Planning an Aquaculture Operation -- Environmental Impact Assessments -- Access to Land and Water -- Regulations for Managing an Aquaculture Operation -- Water and Waste-Water Control -- Fish Movement and Fish Disease -- Drug Use -- Regulations for Marketing Aquaculture Products -- 5. LICENSING -- 6. PARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE OF AQUACULTURE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- UNDERSTANDING THE PATH FOR A HIGHER ENVIRONMENTAL ORIENTATION AT THE SPANISH FOOD INDUSTRY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. BACKGROUND AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS -- 3. RESEARCH METHODS -- 3.1. Data Collection -- 3.2. Data Analysis -- 4. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS -- 4.1. Firms' Profile -- 4.2. Firms Groups -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- ROLE OF PROCESSING INDUSTRY FOR FOOD SECURITY IN INDIA -- INTRODUCTION -- AGRO PROCESSING INDUSTRY -- The Broad Area of Agro-Processing Industry -- Concept of Agro Processing Centre (APC) -- Principle of Establishing APC -- Guidelines to Establishment of APC -- Steps to Start an APC -- Planning -- Execution -- Installation -- Production -- Implementation -- Marketing -- Economic Perspective of APC -- FIXED COST PER YEAR -- ECONOMIC TOOLS/ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF APC -- Status of Agro-Processing Industry -- SECTOR WISE AGRO-PROCESSING -- Rice Milling -- WHEAT MILLING -- Pulse Milling -- OIL EXTRACTION -- Processing of Commercial Crops -- FRUITS AND VEGETABLE PROCESSING -- PACKED AND CONVENIENCE FOOD -- Fishing and Fish Processing -- Meat and Poultry Processing -- Milk and Milk Products -- FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- Diversification of Agriculture.

Enhancing Export of Value Added Processed Foods.