Methods and Strategies of Process Research -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Dedication page -- Table of contents -- Foreword -- Methods and strategies of process research -- References -- Part 1. Conceptual and methodological discussions -- Interpreting in theory and practice -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Pros and cons of being a "practisearcher" -- 1.2 Dialogue interpreting, community interpreting and conference interpreting -- 2. Can theory help interpreters? -- 2.1 Interpreting as communication -- 3. Narrowing the gap? -- 3.1 Possible and relevant links between theory and practice -- References -- Reflections on the literal translation hypothesis -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Conceptual background -- 3. The hypothesis and its significance -- 4. One recent study, and one different one -- 5. Concluding comments -- References -- Tracking translators' keystrokes and eye movements with Translog -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Analysing keystroke data -- 3. Presumed research benefits from adding gaze data to keystroke data -- 3.1 Translog development in the Eye-to-IT project -- 4. The analytical challenge: Preliminary process observations -- 5. A recurrent processing pattern -- 6. Sample data analysis -- 7. Conclusion and perspective: Toward a computational model of human translation? -- References -- Seeing translation from inside the translator's mind -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ways of producing language -- 3. Stating intentions about adding -- 4. Stating intentions when uncertainty arises -- 5. Stating intentions about linking words -- 6. Some details about the proposed vocabulary -- 7. Uses of the vocabulary -- Reference -- Metonymic language use as a student translation problem -- 1. Translation problems -- 2. Npaparps -- 3. Research questions and hypotheses -- 4. Experimental design -- 5. Test -- 5.1 Aim and expectations -- 5.2 Materials.

5.3 Participants -- 5.4 Analysis and scoring -- 5.5 Results -- 6. Conclusion -- 7. Methodological discussion -- 7.1 Pre-test -- 7.2 Test -- References -- Sight translation and speech disfluency -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Method: Analysis of speech disfluencies in the sight translation protocols -- 2.1 Experimental procedure -- 2.2 Experimental texts -- 2.3 Participants -- 2.4 Eye tracking measures -- 2.5 Disfluency measures -- 2.6 Unfilled pause -- 2.7 Filled pause -- 2.8 Repetition -- 2.9 Repair / revision -- 2.10 Analytic protocol -- 3. Results -- 3.1 Frequency and duration of disfluencies -- 3.2 Disfluency evidence for visual interference -- 3.3 Disfluency evidence for the effect of the syntactic manipulation -- 3.4 Individual protocols as evidence of cognitive processing -- 3.5 Syntactic transfer disfluencies -- 3.6 Lexical transfer disfluencies -- 3.7 Translation strategy and disfluency -- 4. Discussion -- References -- Time lag in translation and interpreting -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Time lag measurement in previous interpreting and translation studies -- 2.1 Analysis 1: Comparison of previously used methods of time lag measurement in SI -- 3. Methodological explorations of time lag measurement -- 4. Time lag measurements in translation -- 4.1 General method of time lag measurement in translation -- 4.2 Analysis 2: Individual EKS variability (intra-subject analyses) -- 4.3 Analysis 3: EKS patterns across individuals (inter-subject analyses) -- 4.4 Analysis 4: Eye-key span relative to parts of speech and sentence position -- 4.5 Analysis 5: Comparing EKS in translation and copying tasks -- 4.6 Methodological observations -- 5. Time lag measurements in interpreting -- 5.1 General method of time lag measurement in interpreting.

5.2 Analyses 6 and 7: Individual ear-voice span variation (intra-subject analysis) and ear-voice span patterns across individuals (inter-subject analysis) -- 5.3 Analysis 8: Ear-voice span relative to parts of speech -- 5.4 Analysis 9: Comparison of ear-voice span in interpreting and shadowing -- 5.5 Methodological observations -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Part 2. Process research in interpreting and translation -- A new pair of glasses -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Translation skills as a self-contained course (the translation skills program) -- 3. The study -- 3.1 Stage I - Pre-TSP translation and questionnaire (October 2007) -- 3.2 Stage II - Post-TSP translation and questionnaire (May 2008) -- 3.3 Stage III - Self-assessment questionnaire (June 2008) -- 3.4 Stage IV - Interviews (June 2008) -- 4. Findings -- 4.1 Stage I - Pre-TSP translation and questionnaire -- 4.2 Stage II - Post-TSP translation and questionnaire -- 4.3 Stage III - Self-assessment questionnaire -- 4.4 Stage IV - Interviews -- 5. Discussion -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Appendix I -- Appendix II -- Are primary conceptual metaphors easier to understand than complex conceptual metaphors? -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Primary vs. complex conceptual metaphors -- 2. Assumptions and hypotheses of the study -- 3. Method -- 3.1 Independent variables -- 3.2 Dependent variables -- 3.3 Operational hypotheses -- 3.4 Experimental material -- 3.5 Experimental plan -- 3.6 Simulation procedure -- 3.7 Answers -- 3.8 Recording -- 3.9 Population -- 3.10 Experimental session and task -- 3.11 Data processing and analysis -- 4. Results -- 5. Discussion -- References -- Innovative subtitling -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Method -- 2.1 Participants -- 2.2 Material -- 2.3 Procedure -- 3. Results -- 3.1 Reception capacity -- 3.2 Audience perception and satisfaction of subtitles and surtitles.

3.3 Eye-tracking results -- 4. Discussion -- References -- Errors, omissions and infelicities in broadcast interpreting -- 1. Introduction - Experimental and sophisticated versus naturalistic and simple -- 2. The material and the situation -- 3. Errors, omissions and infelicities, Effort Models and the Tightrope Hypothesis -- 3.1 The Effort Models and the Tightrope Hypothesis -- 3.2 Causal relationships in EOIs -- 4. Research questions -- 5. Materials and method -- 5.1 Speeches and comparisons -- 5.2 Sensitivity level -- 6. Findings -- 6.1 In the French sample -- 6.2 Inter-language comparisons -- 6.3 Frequent EOs -- 7. Methodological comments and conclusion -- References -- On cognitive processes during wordplay translation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical background -- 3. Method -- 4. Results -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- "Can you ask her about chronic illnesses, diabetes and all that?" -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Review of relevant literature -- 3. The study -- 3.1 Procedures -- 3.2 The site -- 3.3 The participants -- 3.4 Data collection and coding -- 4. A look at the data through the lens of critical discourse analysis -- 4.1 What is critical discourse analysis? -- 4.2 The transcript -- 5. Discussion and conclusions -- 6. Implications and call for further research -- References -- Part 3. Studies of interpreting and translation expertise -- Effects of linguistic complexity on expert processing during simultaneous interpreting -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The concept of linguistic complexity, its operationalisation and experimental measurement -- 3. Experiment -- 3.1 Design -- 3.2 Data manipulation -- 3.3 Results -- 4. Discussion -- References -- Process and product in simultaneous interpreting -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Aim and scope -- 2. Background -- 2.1 Expertise research in Interpreting Studies -- 2.2 Studying the process.

2.3 Evaluating the product -- 2.4 The studies -- 3. First study: Interpreting process -- 3.1 Material and method -- 3.2 Results -- 4. Second study: Assessment of the interpreting product -- 4.1 Material and method -- 4.2 Results -- 5. Discussion -- 5.1 Discussion of results -- 5.2 Conclusion -- References -- Developing professional thinking and acting within the field of interpreting -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Interpreting strategies as part of the interpreter's thinking and acting -- 3. Practical and tacit knowledge as part of the interpreter's thinking and acting -- 4. A study of strategy selection in the interpreting process -- 5. A questionnaire study on practical and tacit knowledge -- 6. An interview study on practical and tacit knowledge -- 7. Discussion -- References -- Appendices -- Results of the validation of the PACTE translation competence model -- 1. Introduction -- 2. PACTE's research on translation competence -- 2.1 Theoretical model -- 2.2 Research design -- 3. Identification and solution of translation problems -- 3.1 Translation problems -- 3.2 Translation problems in PACTE's research on translation competence -- 3.3 The variable "Identification and Solution of Translation Problems" -- 4. Results -- 4.1 Coefficient of perception of the overall difficulty of the text -- 4.2 Subjects' identification of prototypical translation problems -- 4.3 Characterisation of the prototypical translation problems identified -- 4.4 Coefficient of subjects' satisfaction -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Appendix 1: Texts -- Appendix 2: Questionnaire on translation problems -- "This led me to start thinking about how this happened, and what the process behind it would be" -- On becoming a translation scholar -- On process research and methodology -- On the discipline of Translation Studies and the TS research community.

Publications by Birgitta Englund Dimitrova.