Shaping Health Policy Through Nursing Research -- Contents -- Section I: Models and Strategies: Shaping Health Policy Through Nursing Research -- Section II: Investigators' Experience with Nursing Research Shaping Health Policy at Multiple Level -- Section III: Conclusions -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Book Sections -- Acknowledgments -- Science Shaping Health Policy: How Is Nursing Research Evident in Such Policy Changes? -- INTRODUCTION -- SCIENCE SHAPING HEALTH POLICY -- SENIOR NURSE SCHOLAR EXPERIENCE AT THE IOM -- Informal Interviews With National Health Policy Influencers -- Exploratory Study With Nurse Researchers -- What Characteristics of Their Nursing Research Facilitated Shaping Health Policy? -- What External Factors Assisted Their Nursing Research in Influencing Health Policy? -- What Are the Barriers That Limit Their Nursing Research in Shaping Health Policy? -- What Are the Various Ways That Their Nursing Research Has Shaped Health Policy? -- General Themes Identified in Exploratory Study -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Research: A Foundation for Health Policy -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF NURSING RESEARCH -- WAYS IN WHICH NURSING RESEARCH IS USEFUL IN HEALTH POLICY PROCESSES -- UNDERSTANDING HOW TO INFLUENCE POLICY -- Local Versus National Politics -- CONSIDERATIONS FOR INFLUENCING HEALTH POLICY -- What Is the Need? Where Is the Gap? -- Who Is the Patient Population? Who Will Benefit From This Change and How Wide Will the Effect Be? -- What Level of Evidence Is Required? -- What Level of Evidence Is Already Available From the Literature and Evidence-Based Studies? -- Who Needs to Know About the Results and How Do I Reach Them? -- Who Are My Allies in This Endeavor? Who Will Be Able to Help Accomplish This Change? Who Are the Int.

What Can Be Done to Facilitate Translation? Is It Possible to Design a Study With Translation in Min -- What Role Does Timing Play? -- Networks and Influence Groups -- Professional Societies -- Community Groups -- Translation and Communication -- Successful Application of Strategies -- Identifying a Significant Clinical Problem -- Building Upon and Enhancing Seminal Work -- Using Clinical Expertise to Translate -- Selecting the Best Setting -- Incorporating Stakeholders in Planning and Implementation -- Using Impact Measures That Translate -- Using Interdisciplinary Approaches -- Using Novel Strategies to Translate -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- rEFERENCES -- Shaping Health Policy: The Role of Nursing Research-Three Frameworks and Their Application to Policy -- INTRODUCTION -- MODELS -- Framework 1: Data-Driven Policymaking (Weinick & Shin, 2003) -- Summary -- Framework 2: Evidence-Informed Health Policy (Green & Bennett, 2007) -- Summary -- Framework 3: The Policy Cycle: Moving From Issue to Policy (Shamian, Skelton-Green, & Villeneuve, 20 -- Values and Cultural Beliefs -- Emergence of Problem or Issue -- Knowledge and Development of Research -- Public Awareness -- Political Engagement -- Interest Group Activation -- Public Policy Deliberation and Adoption -- Regulation -- Summary -- CONCLUSION -- references -- The Role of Science Policy in Programs of Research and Scholarship -- SCIENCE POLICY -- PUBLIC POLICY TO SCIENCE POLICY -- Embryonic Stem Cell Research as an Example of Public Policy to Science Policy -- MODELS FOR PUBLIC POLICY AND SCIENCE POLICY -- SCIENTISTS' ROLES IN GOVERNMENT AND SCIENCE POLICY -- Exemplars of Science Policy -- NIH Roadmap -- Multidisciplinary to Transdisciplinary Research Teams -- Summary -- The New Expectations of Conducting Research: Sharing Data and Common Measures.

Changing Culture of Sharing Data: Science Policy and the NIH -- Databases and Repositories Including Both Genotypic and Phenotypic Information -- Challenges and Issues to Data Repositories -- Summary -- Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System -- Health Resources and Services Administration Core Clinical Measures -- ROLE OF SCIENTISTS IN SCIENCE POLICY -- RESPONSIBILITIES OF SCIENTISTS TO INFORM AND MONITOR SCIENCE POLICY -- Summary -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Changing Health Science Policy: The Establishment of the National Institute of Nursing Research at -- INTRODUCTION -- LEGISLATIVE PROCESS TO ESTABLISH THE NCNR/NINR -- THEORETICAL CONTEXT FOR CREATION OF THE NCNR/NINR -- Values and Cultural Beliefs -- Emergence of a Problem or Issue -- Knowledge and Research Development -- Public Awareness -- Political Engagement -- MOVING INTO ACTION -- Interest Group Activation -- Public Policy Deliberation and Adoption -- Cookies and Compromise -- Regulation, Experience, and Revision -- Development of the NCNR -- Integrating the NCNR Into the NIH -- Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Research -- Educating Congress and NIH Colleagues Regarding Nursing Research -- Building Institute Programs -- Redesignation of the NCNR to the NINR -- SUMMARY -- references -- Using Evidence-Based Practice to Enhance Organizational Policies, Healthcare Quality, and Patient Ou -- THE EBP PARADIGM -- THE EBP PROCESS -- AN EXAMPLE OF HOW THE EBP PROCESS INFORMS EVIDENCE-BASED ORGANIZATIONAL POLICIES -- OUTCOMES MANAGEMENT AND DATA COLLECTION SYSTEMS INFORM ORGANIZATIONAL POLICIES -- IMPLEMENTING EVIDENCE-BASED ORGANIZATIONAL POLICIES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- fig 1 -- exhi 1 -- exhi 2 -- tab 1 -- table 2 -- From Bedside to Bench to Practice -- ASSESSMENT OF FEEDING TUBE PLACEMENT.

Respiratory Versus Gastric Placement of Newly Inserted Feeding Tubes -- pH Method -- Aspirate Appearance -- Auscultatory Method -- Gastric Versus Small Bowel Placement of Newly Inserted Feeding Tubes -- pH Method -- Aspirate Appearance -- Auscultatory Method -- Gastric Versus Small Bowel Placement During Feedings -- Change in External Tube Length -- Change in Aspirate Volume -- Change in Aspirate Appearance -- Change in Aspirate pH -- Combination of Bedside Methods -- Development of New Tests to Determine Tube Placement -- pH and Enzyme Concentrations in Aspirates -- pH and Bilirubin Concentrations in Aspirates -- Development of Bilirubin Test Strip -- ASSESSMENT FOR ASPIRATION DURING TUBE FEEDINGS -- Aspiration Detection Methods -- Blue Dye Method -- Glucose Method -- Pepsin Method -- Animal Model Study to Compare Aspiration Detection Methods -- Study Design and Methods -- Results -- Descriptive Clinical Study of Aspiration -- Study of Interventions to Reduce Aspiration -- table 7.1 -- table 7.2 -- Translating Personal Challenges to Public Policy -- INCONTINENCE IS A MAJOR HEALTH PROBLEM -- Prevalence and Severity -- Economic Cost of Incontinence -- Quality-of-Life Cost of Incontinence -- POPULATIONS AT INCREASED RISK OF INCONTINENCE -- Obese Individuals -- Specific Occupations -- Childbearing Women -- Older Adults With Comorbid Conditions -- Nursing Home Residents -- EMPIRICAL BASIS FOR CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF UI -- Pelvic Floor Muscle Training -- Bladder Training -- The Knack Maneuver -- Combined Pelvic Floor Muscle/Bladder Training and Knack -- POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PREVENTION -- Point of Service -- Public Health Initiative -- REFERENCES -- Shaping HIV/AIDS Prevention Policy for Minority Youth -- DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS FOR MINORITY YOUTH.

MOVING EFFICACIOUS RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE- FACILITATING POLICIES -- MOVING EFFICACIOUS RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE- POLICIES AS BARRIERS -- APPROACHES TO SHAPING HIV POLICY FOR MINORITY YOUTH -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Health Promotion and Prevention in Early Childhood: The Role of Nursing Research in Shaping Policy a -- THE DEMOGRAPHICS OF EARLY CHILDCARE -- SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL, AND PHYSICAL NEEDS OF YOUNG CHILDREN IN EARLY CHILDCARE PROGRAMS: KEY AREAS FOR -- Screening and Management of Chronic Conditions: Pediatric Asthma -- Early Intervention: Reducing Preschool Obesity Rates -- Health Promotion and Prevention: Promoting Early Childhood Mental Health -- Case Example: A Practical, Cost-Effective Program for Promoting Mental Health in Early Childhood -- FRAMING RESULTS TO GUIDE POLICY -- Influencing Policy for Improving End-of-Life Care -- BACKGROUND -- One State's Environment -- RESEARCH OVERVIEW -- Family Communication and Treatment Decision Making -- Patient Distress -- Pain and Symptom Management -- THE URGENCY OF POLICY REFORM FOR CARE OF THE DYING -- LESSONS LEARNED -- REFERENCES -- Two Decades of Research on Physical Restraint: Impact on Practice and Policy -- HOW IT STARTED -- Historical Context -- BUILDING A PROGRAM OF RESEARCH ON PHYSICAL RESTRAINT -- FACTORS RELATED TO THE SHIFT IN PRACTICE -- EVOLUTION OF A NEW PARADIGM OF PRACTICE -- CAUTIONARY TALES -- WHAT CAN WE CONCLUDE AND WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? -- figure 12.1 -- Research on Human Sleep: Need to Inform Public Policies -- IN DEFENSE OF SLEEP -- CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC PARTIAL SLEEP DEPRIVATION -- Importance of Sound Scientific Methods -- Consequences of Chronic Sleep Restriction -- SQUEEZING TIME FOR SLEEP IN A 24/7 WORLD -- Reasons for Reduced Sleep Duration -- American Lifestyle and Reduced Time for Sleep -- Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults.

Policies Should Focus on Sleep in Addition to Work Hours.