The Evolution of Englishes -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Series editor's preface -- The evolution of Englishes: In honour of Edgar Schneider on the occasion of his 60th birthday -- Edgar, the teacher and supervisor -- Edgar, the scholar -- Edgar, the globetrotter -- Edgar, the Regensburger -- References -- The evolution of Englishes: The Dynamic Model and beyond -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Part I: The Dynamic Model -- 2.1 The Dynamic Model: Basic assumptions and predictions -- 2.2 Testing and extending the Dynamic Model -- 3. Part II: Beyond the Dynamic Model - empirical and theoretical perspectives on World Englishes -- 3.1 Focus 1: Contributions with a theoretical focus -- 3.2 Focus 2: Cross-varietal contributions -- 3.3 Focus 3: United States -- 3.4 Focus 4: Asia and Africa -- 3.5 Focus 5: Old varieties, new perspectives -- 4. Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part I: The Dynamic Model -- Convergence and endonormativity at Phase 4 of the Dynamic Model -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Local contact in the United States of America -- 3. Local contact in South Africa -- 3.1 English-Afrikaans contact in the white community -- 3.2 English-Afrikaans contact in the coloured community -- 3.3 English in contact with the Indian languages and community -- 3.4 English in contact with the Bantu languages and black African community -- 3.5 Changes in South African English since 1994 -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- The identity issue in bi- and multilingual repertoires in South Africa -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Description of the empirical study -- 3. Findings -- 3.1 Questionnaire study -- 3.2 Interview study -- 4. Discussion of the findings -- 5. Implications for Schneider's Dynamic Model -- Acknowledgements -- References.

The sociophonetic effects of 'Event X': Post-apartheid Black South African English -- 1. Introduction: Classifications and overlaps -- 2. Post-apartheid flexibilities -- 3. Case study one: Hatti G. -- 3.1 Features of traditional BSAE -- 3.2 Features of ISAE -- 4. Case study two: Siphelo M. -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Beyond Nativization? Philippine English in Schneider's Dynamic Model -- 1. Foundation and Stabilization of Philippine English -- 2. Nativization of Philippine English -- 3. Beyond Nativization -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Stylistic and sociolinguistic variation in Schneider's Nativization Phase -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 English in Ghana -- 1.2 Situating Ghanaian English in Schneider's Dynamic Model -- 1.3 The role of sociolinguistic variation in the Dynamic Model -- 2. T-affrication in Ghanaian English: Gender- and style-related variation -- 3. Relativizer choice in Ghanaian English: Style-related variation -- 4. Summary and theoretical implications -- References -- Differentiation in Australian English -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Establishing AusE: From endonormativity to differentiation -- 3. Regional and social diversification, and contact with immigrant languages -- 3.1 Language diversity and its regional impacts within Australia -- 3.2 Variation within mainstream AusE -- 3.3 Immigrant languages in contact with English -- 4. Australian Aboriginal English (AborE) -- 4.1 Aboriginal varieties of English across Australia -- 4.2 Development of Aboriginal English and its contexts of use -- 4.3 The homogeneity of AborE -- 5. External influences on AusE -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- The evolution of Singlish in late modernity Beyond Phase 5? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The double hermeneutic and Singlish -- 3. Singlish overseas -- 4. The commodification of Singlish -- 5. Concluding discussion: The Dynamic Model and late modernity.

References -- Emergence of "new varieties" in speech as a complex system -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Complex systems -- 3. Acquisition in the Dynamic Model -- 4. Scaling in complex systems -- 5. Perception and emergence in the Dynamic Model -- References -- The cognitive evolution of Englishes: The role of constructions in the Dynamic Model -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Construction Grammar -- 3. Constructions in the Dynamic Model -- 4. Pilot study: Comparative correlatives -- 4.1 The phenomenon: Comparative correlative constructions -- 4.2 ICE corpus study -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- English in Cyprus and Namibia: A critical approach to taxonomies and models of World Englishes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. English in Cyprus -- 2.1 History, politics, and sociolinguistic background -- 2.2 Linguistic features -- 3. English in Namibia -- 3.1 History, politics, sociolinguistic background -- 3.2 Linguistic features -- 4. The status of EiCy and EiNa -- 5. Theoretical implications -- 5.1 The ENL-ESL-EFL distinction and Kachru's (1985) Three Circles model -- 5.2 Schneider's (2007) Dynamic Model -- 5.3 A critical evaluation of the Dynamic Model -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- English in Germany: Spreading bilingualism, retreating exonormative orientation and nativization? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Dynamic Model in non-postcolonial contexts: Criteria for assessing the status of English -- 3. Spreading bilingualism? Some figures -- 4. Retreating exonormative orientation? The case of teaching models in German schools -- 5. Incipient nativization? The dress / trap merger and variable rhoticity -- 5.1 Data and method -- 5.2 The dress / trap merger -- 5.3 Method -- 5.4 Results -- 5.5 Variable rhoticity -- 5.6 Method -- 5.7 Results -- 6. Discussion -- 6.1 Empirical evidence for the changing status of English in Germany.

6.2 Applying the Dynamic Model to the German context -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Beyond the Dynamic Model - Empirical and theoretical perspectives on World Englishes -- Focus 1: Contributions with a theoretical focus -- On cafeterias and new dialects: The role of primary transmitters -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A case in point: South Atlantic English -- 3. Tracing the donors in 19th century TdCE -- 4. Why this outcome? Primary transmitters at work -- References -- Does money talk, and do languages have price tags? Economic perspectives on English -- 1. Introduction: World Englishes - a topic too big for English linguistics? -- 2. Ideologies, institutions and power: Historical and sociological perspectives on Global English -- 3. Pricing the linguistic resource and the dangers of economic reductionism -- 4. Long-distance interdisciplinary cooperation between linguistics and non-traditional partner -- References -- Language variation and education: A focus on Pakistan -- 1. Language variation and education -- 2. Language of the textbooks -- 3. Discussion and conclusion -- References -- The evolution of English(es): Notes on the history of an idea -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Darwinism in linguistics -- 3. The notion of progress in language -- 4. Classifying languages linguistically -- 4.1 Phonetic-phonological classifications -- 4.2 Morphosyntactic taxonomies -- 5. A hierarchy of languages and varieties -- 6. Jespersen on Progress in Language -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Focus 2: Cross-varietal contributions -- At the crossroads of variation studies and corpus linguistics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Verb-forms in dictionaries -- 3. Traditional descriptions by Fowler (1926) and Jespersen (1942) -- 4. Verb-forms in dialectological studies -- 5. A pilot study with American students -- References -- Compounding and suffixation in World Englishes.

1. Introduction -- 2. Presentation and discussion -- 2.1 Compounding: nouns, verbs and adjectives -- 2.2 Neoclassical compounds -- 2.3 Synthetic compounds -- 2.4 Hybridization and indigenous vocabulary -- 2.5 Nominal suffixes -ship and -hood -- 2.6 Nominal suffix -ism -- 2.7 Nominal suffix -ee -- 2.8 Adjectival suffixes -ish and -y -- 3. Conclusion -- References -- Focus 3: United States -- When did Southern American English really begin? Testing Bailey's Hypothesis -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A different perspective -- 2.1 The currency issue -- 2.2 The distinctiveness issue -- 3. Discussion -- References -- The English origins of African American Vernacular English: What Edgar W. Schneider has taught us -- 1. Background -- 2. The English origins of AAVE -- 2.1 Justifications for the English-origins hypothesis -- 2.2 Archival and other evidence for the English-origins hypothesis -- 2.3. How Jim Crow fostered AAVE -- 3. By way of conclusion -- References -- Innovation in pre-World War II African American Vernacular English? Evidence from BLUR -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Habitual be + V-ing -- 3. Resultative be done -- 4. Semi-auxiliary come -- 5. Intensifying steady and counterfactual call oneself -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Focus 4: asia and Africa -- The use of inflectional marking for present and past tenses in English as an Asian lingua franca -- 1. Universals and / or substrate influence -- 2. Marking or non-marking for tense in ACE -- 3. Conclusion -- References -- Yesterday's founder population, today's Englishes: The role of the Peranakans -- 1. Singapore English and the ecology of Singapore -- 2. The usual suspects -- 3. Puzzling over prosody -- 4. The Peranakans as founder population -- 5. The continuing evolution of the Peranakans and of SgE -- 6. Concluding thoughts on ecology and evolution -- References.

The evolution of Brunei English How it is contributing to the development of English in the world.