WCDMA FOR UMTS -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 WCDMA Early Phase -- 1.2 HSPA Introduction and Data Growth -- 1.3 HSPA Deployments Globally -- 1.4 HSPA Evolution -- 1.5 HSPA Network Product -- 1.6 HSPA Future Outlook -- References -- 2 UMTS Services -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Voice -- 2.2.1 Narrowband AMR and Wideband AMR Voice Services -- 2.2.2 Circuit-Switched over HSPA -- 2.2.3 Push-to-Talk over Cellular (PoC) -- 2.2.4 Voice-over IP -- 2.2.5 Key Performance Indicators for Voice -- 2.3 Video Telephony -- 2.3.1 Multimedia Architecture for Circuit Switched Connections -- 2.3.2 Video Codec -- 2.4 Messaging -- 2.4.1 Short Messaging Service (SMS) -- 2.4.2 Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) -- 2.4.3 Voice Mail and Audio Messaging -- 2.4.4 Instant Messaging -- 2.5 Mobile Email -- 2.6 Browsing -- 2.7 Application and Content Downloading -- 2.8 Streaming -- 2.9 Gaming -- 2.10 Mobile Broadband for Laptop and Netbook Connectivity -- 2.10.1 End-to-End Security -- 2.10.2 Impact of Latency on Application Performance -- 2.11 Social Networking -- 2.12 Mobile TV -- 2.13 Location-Based Services -- 2.13.1 Cell Coverage-Based Location Calculation -- 2.13.2 Assisted GPS (A-GPS) -- 2.14 Machine-to-Machine Communications -- 2.15 Quality of Service (QoS) Differentiation -- 2.16 Maximum Air Interface Capacity -- 2.17 Terminals -- 2.18 Tariff Schemes -- References -- 3 Introduction to WCDMA -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Summary of the Main Parameters in WCDMA -- 3.3 Spreading and Despreading -- 3.4 Multipath Radio Channels and Rake Reception -- 3.5 Power Control -- 3.6 Softer and Soft Handovers -- References -- 4 Background and Standardization of WCDMA -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Background in Europe -- 4.2.1 Wideband CDMA -- 4.2.2 Wideband TDMA -- 4.2.3 Wideband TDMA/CDMA -- 4.2.4 OFDMA -- 4.2.5 ODMA.

4.2.6 ETSI Selection -- 4.3 Background in Japan -- 4.4 Background in Korea -- 4.5 Background in the United States -- 4.5.1 W-CDMA N/A -- 4.5.2 UWC-136 -- 4.5.3 cdma2000 -- 4.5.4 TR46.1 -- 4.5.5 WP-CDMA -- 4.6 Creation of 3GPP -- 4.7 How Does 3GPP Operate? -- 4.8 Creation of 3GPP2 -- 4.9 Harmonization Phase -- 4.10 IMT-2000 Process in ITU -- 4.11 Beyond 3GPP Release 99 WCDMA -- 4.12 Industry Convergence with LTE and LTE-Advanced -- References -- 5 Radio Access Network Architecture -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 UTRAN Architecture -- 5.2.1 The Radio Network Controller (RNC) -- 5.2.2 The Node B (Base Station) -- 5.3 General Protocol Model for UTRAN Terrestrial Interfaces -- 5.3.1 General -- 5.3.2 Horizontal Layers -- 5.3.3 Vertical Planes -- 5.4 Iu, the UTRAN-CN Interface -- 5.4.1 Protocol Structure for Iu CS -- 5.4.2 Protocol Structure for Iu PS -- 5.4.3 RANAP Protocol -- 5.4.4 Iu User Plane Protocol -- 5.4.5 Protocol Structure of Iu BC, and the Service Area Broadcast Protocol -- 5.5 UTRAN Internal Interfaces -- 5.5.1 RNC-RNC Interface (Iur Interface) and the RNSAP Signaling -- 5.5.2 RNC-Node B Interface and the NBAP Signaling -- 5.6 UTRAN Enhancements and Evolution -- 5.6.1 IP Transport in UTRAN -- 5.6.2 Iu Flex -- 5.6.3 Stand-Alone SMLC and Iupc Interface -- 5.6.4 Interworking between GERAN and UTRAN, and the Iur-g Interface -- 5.6.5 IP-Based RAN Architecture -- 5.7 UMTS CN Architecture and Evolution -- 5.7.1 Release 99 CN Elements -- 5.7.2 Release 5 CN and IP Multimedia Subsystem -- References -- 6 Physical Layer -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Transport Channels and Their Mapping to the Physical Channels -- 6.2.1 Dedicated Transport Channel -- 6.2.2 Common Transport Channels -- 6.2.3 Mapping of Transport Channels onto the Physical Channels -- 6.2.4 Frame Structure of Transport Channels -- 6.3 Spreading and Modulation -- 6.3.1 Scrambling.

6.3.2 Channelization Codes -- 6.3.3 Uplink Spreading and Modulation -- 6.3.4 Downlink Spreading and Modulation -- 6.3.5 Transmitter Characteristics -- 6.4 User Data Transmission -- 6.4.1 Uplink Dedicated Channel -- 6.4.2 Uplink Multiplexing -- 6.4.3 User Data Transmission with the Random Access Channel -- 6.4.4 Uplink Common Packet Channel -- 6.4.5 Downlink Dedicated Channel -- 6.4.6 Downlink Multiplexing -- 6.4.7 Downlink Shared Channel -- 6.4.8 Forward Access Channel for User Data Transmission -- 6.4.9 Channel Coding for User Data -- 6.4.10 Coding for TFCI Information -- 6.5 Signaling -- 6.5.1 Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) -- 6.5.2 Synchronization Channel (SCH) -- 6.5.3 Primary Common Control Physical Channel (Primary CCPCH) -- 6.5.4 Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (Secondary CCPCH) -- 6.5.5 Random Access Channel (RACH) for Signaling Transmission -- 6.5.6 Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH) -- 6.5.7 Paging Indicator Channel (PICH) -- 6.6 Physical Layer Procedures -- 6.6.1 Fast Closed-Loop Power Control Procedure -- 6.6.2 Open-Loop Power Control -- 6.6.3 Paging Procedure -- 6.6.4 RACH Procedure -- 6.6.5 Cell Search Procedure -- 6.6.6 Transmit Diversity Procedure -- 6.6.7 Handover Measurements Procedure -- 6.6.8 Compressed Mode Measurement Procedure -- 6.6.9 Other Measurements -- 6.6.10 Operation with Adaptive Antennas -- 6.6.11 Site Selection Diversity Transmission -- 6.7 Terminal Radio Access Capabilities -- 6.8 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Radio Interface Protocols -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Protocol Architecture -- 7.3 The Medium Access Control Protocol -- 7.3.1 MAC Layer Architecture -- 7.3.2 MAC Functions -- 7.3.3 Logical Channels -- 7.3.4 Mapping between Logical Channels and Transport Channels -- 7.3.5 Example Data Flow Through the MAC Layer -- 7.4 The Radio Link Control Protocol -- 7.4.1 RLC Layer Architecture.

7.4.2 RLC Functions -- 7.4.3 Example Data Flow Through the RLC Layer -- 7.5 The Packet Data Convergence Protocol -- 7.5.1 PDCP Layer Architecture -- 7.5.2 PDCP Functions -- 7.6 The Broadcast/Multicast Control Protocol -- 7.6.1 BMC Layer Architecture -- 7.6.2 BMC Functions -- 7.7 Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service -- 7.8 The Radio Resource Control Protocol -- 7.8.1 RRC Layer Logical Architecture -- 7.8.2 RRC Service States -- 7.8.3 RRC Functions and Signaling Procedures -- 7.9 Early UE Handling Principles -- 7.10 Improvements for Call Set-up Time Reduction -- References -- 8 Radio Network Planning -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Dimensioning -- 8.2.1 Radio Link Budgets -- 8.2.2 Load Factors -- 8.2.3 Capacity Upgrade Paths -- 8.2.4 Capacity per km2 -- 8.2.5 Soft Capacity -- 8.2.6 Network Sharing -- 8.3 Capacity and Coverage Planning and Optimization -- 8.3.1 Iterative Capacity and Coverage Prediction -- 8.3.2 Planning Tool -- 8.3.3 Case Study -- 8.3.4 Network Optimization -- 8.4 GSM Co-planning -- 8.5 Inter-Operator Interference -- 8.5.1 Introduction -- 8.5.2 Uplink Versus Downlink Effects -- 8.5.3 Local Downlink Interference -- 8.5.4 Average Downlink Interference -- 8.5.5 Path Loss Measurements -- 8.5.6 Solutions to Avoid Adjacent Channel Interference -- 8.6 WCDMA Frequency Variants -- 8.7 UMTS Refarming to GSM Band -- 8.7.1 Coverage of UMTS900 -- 8.8 Interference between GSM and UMTS -- 8.9 Remaining GSM Voice Capacity -- 8.10 Shared Site Solutions with GSM and UMTS -- 8.11 Interworking of UMTS900 and UMTS2100 -- References -- 9 Radio Resource Management -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Power Control -- 9.2.1 Fast Power Control -- 9.2.2 Outer Loop Power Control -- 9.3 Handovers -- 9.3.1 Intra-Frequency Handovers -- 9.3.2 Inter-System Handovers between WCDMA and GSM -- 9.3.3 Inter-Frequency Handovers within WCDMA -- 9.3.4 Summary of Handovers.

9.4 Measurement of Air Interface Load -- 9.4.1 Uplink Load -- 9.4.2 Downlink Load -- 9.5 Admission Control -- 9.5.1 Admission Control Principle -- 9.5.2 Wideband Power-Based Admission Control Strategy -- 9.5.3 Throughput-Based Admission Control Strategy -- 9.6 Load Control (Congestion Control) -- References -- 10 Packet Scheduling -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) -- 10.3 Round Trip Time -- 10.4 User-Speci.c Packet Scheduling -- 10.4.1 Common Channels (RACH/FACH) -- 10.4.2 Dedicated Channel (DCH) -- 10.4.3 Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH) -- 10.4.4 Uplink Common Packet Channel (CPCH) -- 10.4.5 Selection of Transport Channel -- 10.4.6 Paging Channel States -- 10.5 Cell-Specific Packet Scheduling -- 10.5.1 Priorities -- 10.5.2 Scheduling Algorithms -- 10.5.3 Packet Scheduler in Soft Handover -- 10.6 Packet Data System Performance -- 10.6.1 Link Level Performance -- 10.6.2 System Level Performance -- 10.7 Packet Data Application Performance -- 10.7.1 Introduction to Application Performance -- 10.7.2 Person-to-Person Applications -- 10.7.3 Content-to-Person Applications -- 10.7.4 Business Connectivity -- 10.7.5 Conclusions on Application Performance -- References -- 11 Physical Layer Performance -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Cell Coverage -- 11.2.1 Uplink Coverage -- 11.2.2 Downlink Coverage -- 11.3 Downlink Cell Capacity -- 11.3.1 Downlink Orthogonal Codes -- 11.3.2 Downlink Transmit Diversity -- 11.3.3 Downlink Voice Capacity -- 11.4 Capacity Trials -- 11.4.1 Single Cell Capacity Trials -- 11.4.2 Multicell Capacity Trials -- 11.4.3 Summary -- 11.5 3GPP Performance Requirements -- 11.5.1 Eb/N0 Performance -- 11.5.2 RF Noise Figure -- 11.6 Performance Enhancements -- 11.6.1 Smart Antenna Solutions -- 11.6.2 Multiuser Detection -- References -- 12 High-Speed Downlink Packet Access -- 12.1 Introduction.

12.2 Release 99 WCDMA Downlink Packet Data Capabilities.