Multilingual Communication -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC page -- Dedication page -- Table of contents -- What is `multilingual communication'? -- 1. Language constellations -- 2. Discourse and text and spoken and written language -- 3. Multilingual communication in institutions -- 4. Linguistic processing -- 5. Contrasting languages -- 6. A multilingual database as a research tool -- 7. Objectives of research into multilingual communication -- 8. Outline of the book -- References -- Towards an agenda for developing multilingual communication with a community base -- 1. The value of multilingualism -- 2. A demographic reality -- 3. Some myths, some paradoxes -- 4. Why not Turkish in Kreuzberg or Arabic in Paris or Eindhoven? -- 5. The value to a nation for its minority languages to be maintained and developed -- 6. Multilingual and multicultural interaction -- 7. `European' and `other' languages -- 8. A joint undertaking -- 9. How will it work in practice? -- 10. The role of institutions -- 11. Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Mediated multilingual communication -- Ad hoc-interpreting and the achievement of communicative purposes in doctor-patient-communication -- 0. Introduction1 -- 1. The data -- 2. Methodology -- 3. Briefings for informed consent: Institutional purpose(s) and linguistic structures -- 3.1. Announcing the medical procedure -- 3.2. Describing the medical procedure -- 3.3. Pointing out complications -- 4. Conclusions -- 5. Further suggestions -- Notes -- References -- The interaction of spokenness and writtenness in audience design -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Analytic procedure -- 3. Concepts of spokenness and writtenness -- 4. Characteristics of popular scientific texts -- 5. Phenomena of spokenness and writtenness in English and German popular scientific texts -- 5.1. The English original text.

5.2. The German translation compared to the English original -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Appendix -- Connectivity in translation -- 1. Connectivity in orality and literacy -- 2. The Boa-Principle -- 3. The introduction: Original and translation -- 4. Some differences in realising connectivity in original and translation -- 4.1. Temporal clauses and prepositional phrases -- 4.2. Discourse markers (`Gliederungssignale') and zusammengesetzte Verweiswörter (`composite deictics') -- 4.3. List structures and compositional parallelism -- 4.4. Lexical repetition -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Genre-mixing in business communication -- 0. Introduction1 -- 1. Definitions of genre -- 2. Methodology -- 2.1. Hypothesis -- 3. Data -- 3.1. Corporate philosophies - form and function -- 3.2. Corporate philosophies - a contrastive view -- 3.3. Corporate philosophies as creed -- 4. Analysis -- 4.1. Translation from English into German -- 4.2. Translation from German into English -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Primary source -- Secondary sources -- Code-switching -- Strategic code-switching in New Zealand workplaces -- 1. Introduction1 -- 2. Functions of code-switching -- 3. The use of Maori, English and Samoan in New Zealand -- 3.1. Varieties of Maori English -- 3.2. Structural features of Maori English -- 3.3. Pragmatic features of Maori English -- 3.4. Code-switching in Samoan -- 4. Social and affective functions of code-switching in NZ workplaces -- 4.1. Constructing social identity -- 4.2. Establishing/maintaining solidarity -- 4.3. Negotiating ethnic boundaries -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Appendix: Transcription conventions -- Code-switching and world-switching in foreign language classroom discourse -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Terminological issues -- 1.2. Communication and acquisition in the classroom.

1.3. Code-switching and world-switching -- 2. Code-switching in the foreign language classroom -- 2.1. Transparent cases of world-switching -- 2.2. Speaker-motivated code-switching -- 2.3. Pedagogically-motivated code-switching and/or world-switching -- 3. The learner's perspective -- 4. Summary -- Notes -- References -- The neurobiology of code-switching -- 1. From Broca and Wernicke to the new imaging techniques: A brief research history -- 2. Harry Potter in the magnetic resonance scanner -- 3. Questions and initial results7 -- 4. When language switches in the brain: Is there a ``distributing centre''? -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Rapport and politeness -- Rapport management problems in Chinese-British business interactions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Rapport management and miscommunication -- 3. Research procedure -- 3.1. The business background -- 3.2. The data and data collection -- 3.3. The participants -- 4. Rapport sensitive incidents and issues -- 4.1. Seating arrangements for the welcome meeting -- 4.2. The welcome speech -- 4.3. Team introductions and a return speech -- 4.4. Business relationships -- 4.5. A dispute over money -- 4.6. Host and guest behaviour -- 5. Chinese and British explanatory accounts -- 5.1. Chinese explanatory accounts -- 5.2. British explanatory perspectives -- 6. Discussion -- 7. Implications -- Transcription conventions -- References -- Introductions -- 1. Polite action -- 2. On the structure of introductions -- 3. The stages of the action systems when people become acquainted -- 4. Aspects of becoming acquainted in other languages -- 4.1. Formulaic queries about the other's health in Arabic -- 4.2. Welcomes in English -- 4.3. Getting-to-know-you questions in Chinese -- 4.4. Becoming acquainted in Norwegian in relation to a topic -- 4.5. Aspects of introductions in Turkish family communication.

5. An introduction in a multilingual setting -- 6. Naming -- 7. Pragmatic transfer in multilingual settings -- Notes -- References -- Grammar and discourse in a contrastive perspective -- Modal expressions in Japanese and German planning discourse -- 1. Speech action in multilingual constellations -- 2. Contrasting modal expressions across languages -- 3. Modal expressions in planning discourse -- 4. Modal expressions in L1-German utterances -- 5. Modal expressions in L1-Japanese utterances -- 6. Modal expressions in L2-Japanese utterances -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- References -- A comparative analysis of Japanese and German complement constructions with matrix verbs of thinking and believing* -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. L1 constructions and L2 problems -- 1.2. General features of German and Japanese `I think-constructions' -- 2. Methodological considerations -- 3. Incidence and corpus under study -- 4. Construction types in the corpus -- 4.1. German `I think-constructions' in the corpus -- 4.2. Japanese `I think-constructions' in the corpus -- 5. German-Japanese functional variation -- 6. Further prospects -- Notes -- Annotation in Japanese examples -- References -- Author index -- Subject index -- The series Hamburg Studies on Multilingualism.