Contents -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Overview -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Organization of the report -- 1.3 Key findings in youth labour market trends -- 1.3.1 Measuring youth vulnerabilities: Summary of long-term trends, 1998-2008 (Chapter 2) -- 1.3.2 Summary of youth labour market trends in the crisis years, 2007-09 (Chapter 3) -- 2 Labour market trends for youth -- 2.1 Demographic and youth labour force trends -- 2.2 Trends in youth employment -- 2.3 Trends in youth unemployment -- 2.4 Other labour market indicators for youth -- 2.5 Measuring working poverty among youth -- 3 The impact of the global economic crisis -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Using labour market information to define the who, what, where and why of the crisis impact on youth -- 3.2.1 Global and regional estimates -- 3.2.2 Country-level evidence: The crisis impact on youth in the European Union -- 3.2.3 The current crisis and the consequences for young people in developing regions -- 3.3 Are there longer-term consequences for youth? -- 3.4 Recovery prospects for youth in labour markets -- 4 An evaluation of lessons learned in youth employment programmes -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 How to invest in youth employment -- 4.2.1 The strategy -- 4.2.2 Identifying the barriers youth face in the labour market -- 4.3 Interventions to address youth employment barriers -- 4.3.1 Addressing technical skills mismatches -- 4.3.2 Addressing non-technical skills mismatches -- 4.3.3 Addressing slow job growth barriers -- 4.3.4 Addressing discrimination in the labour market -- 4.3.5 Addressing inadequate job matching -- 4.3.6 Addressing poor signalling -- 4.3.7 Addressing lack of access to start-up capital -- Annex 1 World and regional tables -- Annex 2 Country inventory of crisis response interventions directly affecting youth employment -- Boxes -- Box 1 Defining youth -- Box 2 Why focus on youth?.

Box 3 A double burden: Being female and young in the Middle East and North Africa -- Box 4 A note on data sources: ILO Trends Econometric Models -- Box 5 Inequalities in youth labour markets -- Box 6 How many young working poor are there in the world? -- Box 7 Some voices of youth in crisis -- Box 8 A note about data estimates and projections, 2010-11 -- Box 9 Youth and choices: Advocating hope and empowerment -- Box 10 Youth employment measures adopted during the recent crisis -- Box 11 The Youth Employment Network (YEN) -- Tables -- Table 1 Youth labour force participation rate, by region and sex, 2000, 2010 and 2015 -- Table 2 Five-year average of youth labour force growth, thousands -- Table 3 Change in youth unemployment and unemployment rates between 1998 and 2008, by region -- Table 4 Gross enrolment rates in secondary education, five developing economies, 2004 to 2009 -- Table 5 Global GDP growth, unemployment and unemployment rates, youth and total (15+) 2007 to 2011 -- Table 6 Projections of GDP growth rate, youth and adult unemployment rates, by region, 2010-11 -- Annex tables -- Table A1 Global labour market indicators for youth (15-24) and total (15+), 1998, 2008 and 2009 -- Table A2 Youth labour force participation rate, by sex and region, 1998, 2008 and 2009 -- Table A3 Youth population, employment and unemployment, by sex and region,1998, 2008 and 2009 -- Table A4 Youth employment-to-population ratio, by sex and region, 1998, 2008 and 2009 -- Table A5 Youth unemployment rate, by sex and region, 1998, 2008 and 2009 -- Table A6 Ratio of youth-to-adult unemployment rate, by sex and region, 1998, 2008 and 2009 -- Table A7 Youth inactivity, by region, 1998, 2008 and 2009.

Table A8 Youth share of working-age population, youth share of total unemployment and youth unemployed as percentage of the youth population, by region, 1998, 2008 and 2009 -- Table A9 Global labour market indicators for youth (15-24) and total (15+), projections 2010-11 -- Table A10 Labour market indicators for youth, by region, 2009 and projections 2010-11 -- Figures -- Figure 1 Share of youth in the total population, by region, 1991 to 2015 -- Figure 2 Regional distribution of the youth population, 2010 and 2015 -- Figure 3 Global youth employment and employment-to-population ratio, 1991 to 2011 -- Figure 4 Youth employment-to-population ratio, by region, 1991 to 2011 -- Figure 5 Global youth unemployment and unemployment rate, 1991 to 2011 -- Figure 6 Youth unemployment rate, by region, 1991 to 2011 -- Figure 7 Youth and adult unemployment rates, country data, latest years (≥ 2004) -- Figure 8 Share of contributing family workers in total employment, youth and adult cohorts, country data -- Figure 9 Working poverty estimates, youth and adult cohorts, country data -- Figure 10 Gap in labour force participation rates between working poor youth (below US1.25 a day) and working youth above US2 a day, country data -- Figure 11 Sectoral shares in employment, working poor youth (below US1.25 a day) and working youth above US2 a day, country data -- Figure 12 Gap in youth unemployment rate by sex (female-male), by region, 2007 to 2009 -- Figure 13 Comparing youth and adult impacts of the economic crisis at the global level,2007 to 2009 -- Figure 14 A selection of quarterly labour market indicators for youth in Estonia, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom, 2007Q1 to 2009Q4 -- Figure 15 Key labour market barriers for youth.