Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of acronyms -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Glass ceiling still intact -- 1.2 The business case for women in business and management -- 1.3 Still lonely at the top -- 1.4 Gender stereotyping a powerful force -- 1.5 Making corporate culture more inclusive -- 1.6 Women in the "pipeline" -- 1.7 Gaps in data -- 1.8 Company survey conducted by ILO's Bureau for Employers' Activities -- 2. Business case for more women in business and management -- 2.1 Women as "engine of economic growth" -- 2.2 Does gender balance make a difference? -- 2.3 Losses and gains -- 2.4 Diversity management -- 2.5 Making the business case -- 3. Women in management -- 3.1 Data sources for male and female managers -- 3.2 Statistics on women in management -- 3.3 Women in different types of management occupations -- 3.4 ILO company survey -- 3.5 Women concentrated in specific management functions -- 3.6 Women are increasing their share of managerial jobs -- 3.7 Women in senior and middle management -- 4. Women at the top -- 4.1 ILO company survey -- 4.2 World Bank enterprise surveys -- 4.3 International surveys -- 4.3.1 Women at the top - Africa -- 4.3.2 Women at the top - Americas -- 4.3.3 Women at the top - Asia and Pacific -- 4.3.4 Women at the top - Europe -- 4.3.5 Women at the top - MENA region -- 5. Women on boards -- 5.1 Boards of the world's largest corporations -- 5.2 All Male Boards -- 5.3 ILO company survey -- 5.4 National surveys -- 5.5 Lone women board members -- 5.6 Board committee chairs -- 5.7 Women on board and decision-making committees -- 5.8 Measures to speed up women's presence on boards -- 5.9 Initiatives to advance women on company boards -- 6. Women in business -- 6.1 Women as employers -- 6.2 More women employers -- 6.3 Share of women as own-account or self-employed workers.

6.4 More women among the self-employed -- 6.5 World Bank Enterprise Surveys -- 6.6 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) -- 6.7 National surveys -- 6.8 Challenges faced by women entrepreneurs -- 6.9 Women's access to finance -- 6.10 Tapping into women's entrepreneurial talent -- 7. Gender pay gap -- 7.1 Gender pay gap among managers -- 7.2 ILO company survey -- 8 Women in decision-making in the public sector -- 8.1 Public service -- 8.2 Women in parliaments -- 8.3 Legislative quotas -- 8.4 Women in the top public sector job -- 9. Women making strides in education -- 9.1 Women in tertiary education in Africa -- 9.2 Women in tertiary education in the Americas -- 9.3 Women in tertiary education in Asia and Pacific -- 9.4 Women in tertiary education in CEE and CIS countries -- 9.5 Women in tertiary education in EU and Western Europe -- 9.6 Women in tertiary education in the MENA region -- 9.7 Gender differences in fields of education declining -- 9.8 Gender gap for women in engineering -- 9.9 Women as researchers -- 10 Barriers to women's leadership -- 10.1 ILO company survey -- 10.2 Gender roles and stereotypes -- 10.3 Corporate culture -- 10.4 Management and leadership styles -- 10.5 Role models -- 10.6 Family responsibilities -- 11. Policies and measures to advance women in business and management -- 11.1 Exit interviews -- 11.2 Company policies -- 11.3 Priority company measures to advance women -- 11.4 Legal frameworks -- 11.5 United Nations Global Compact -- 12. Initiatives to advance women in business and management -- 12.1 Company initiatives -- 12.2 Awarding good practice -- 12.3  Initiatives of national chambers of commerce and employers' organizations -- 12.4 Structures for women and gender equality in business membership organizations -- 12.5  Women's representation in chambers of commerce and employers' organizations.

12.6  Women organizing at regional and international level -- 12.7  Women organizing at national level -- 13. Way forward -- 13.1 Company expectations for support -- 13.2 Suggested action points -- 13.3 Role of employers' organizations -- 14. Bibliography -- 15. Useful websites -- 16. Statistical annex -- GLOBAL LEVEL -- AFRICA REGION -- AMERICAS -- ASIA AND PACIFIC -- CEE AND CIS -- EUROPEAN UNION AND WESTERN EUROPE -- MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA -- 17. Annex II -- Companies responding to ILO company survey wishing to be acknowledged.