Title Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Non-financial compensation in international comparative research -- Introduction -- Aim and structure of this book -- Comparative analysis of non-financial compensation -- An introduction to comparative analysis -- Schools of comparative research -- Aims of comparative research -- What framework fits the aim of our comparative research? -- Comparing non-financial compensation practice in six countries -- References -- The concept of non-financial compensation in spatial planning -- Introduction -- Why governments use non-financial compensation schemes -- Two types of non-financial compensation -- Negotiated developments -- Why governments have to compensate -- Why governments want to compensate -- Why governments can recapture added value -- Recapturing added value of land -- Conclusions -- References -- Japan: using developing rights as driver for development -- Introduction -- City planning -- Loose planning regulations -- Fragmented landownership -- Case on conservation and redevelopment in the Marunouchi District -- Development history -- Planning the redevelopment of Marunouchi -- The first results -- A look into the future -- Case on conversion in Tokyo: towards safer and more efficient land use -- Two methods for rearranging the land -- Land readjustment applied along the Tsukuba line -- Urban redevelopment projects applied in Saitama City -- Case on reallocation: compensation for the non-development of Tokyo Station -- Evaluating Japan's planning style -- References -- Korea: the case of non-financial compensation in the District Unit Planning process in Seoul -- Introduction -- Planning and development system -- Re-allocation: three cases of density transfer in Seoul -- Legal foundations -- Operations of Type I DUP -- Cases of Type I DUP application -- Discussion of Korea's DUP process.

Concluding remarks -- References -- Spain: non-financial compensation instruments and the Valencia model -- Introduction -- Institutional framework and legal principles -- Techniques -- Conservation case: TDRs applied to listed buildings in Almeria 1984-1988 -- Transferable Development Rights -- Almerias historic buildings -- Conversion case: Francia Avenue in Valencia, 1991-1996 -- Re-allocation case: Orriols sector as part of the General Plan of Valencia, 1988-2001 -- The extent of land readjustment and TDRs -- Transferable Development Rights -- Ownership structure -- The landowner's role in land readjustment -- Allocation rules -- Land readjustment procedures -- Development -- Conclusions -- References -- Italy: experiments with non-financial compensation instruments to preserve, conserve and re-allocate buildings -- Introduction -- Planning framework -- The Intervention Integrated Plan (IIP) -- Conservation: the case of Schio (Veneto) -- Objectives -- Case circumstances -- Compartment number 3 -- Conversion: the case of Cremona (Lombardy) -- Objectives -- The Cremona conversion process -- Re-allocation: the case of Rome (Lazio) -- Objectives -- Circumstances -- A new institutional framework for re-allocation processes -- The Rome re-allocation process -- Conclusions -- References -- U.S.: some best practices of Transferable Development Rights -- Introduction: national framework -- Transferable Development Rights -- Conversion case: the Hudson Yards Project -- Objectives -- The Hudson Yards Project -- Municipal zoning -- Financing of the Hudson Yards Project -- Tax exemptions -- Conservation case: the City of Malibu -- Objectives -- Topography and history of Malibu -- The planning and legal system and fit within a spatial level -- Re-allocation potential: Portland, Oregon -- Objectives.

The planning and legal system and fit within a spatial level -- The plan districts -- Historic resource protection overlay zone -- Base zones -- The Sally McCracken Building -- Conclusion and evaluation -- References -- The Netherlands: experiments with non-financial compensation instruments in planning practice -- Introduction -- Planning framework -- Towards more market-oriented planning instruments? -- Conservation case: the Limburg experiment -- Introduction -- VORm in Limburg: red for green policy -- Evaluation -- Conversion case: Noord-Brabant's Space for Space program -- Objective and background -- Space for Space -- Organization -- Results: demolition of stables and realization of large parcels -- Evaluation -- Re-allocation case -- Introduction -- GEM in VINEX (Vleuterweide) -- Sports in the South Axis -- Evaluation and debate -- References -- Non-financial compensation from an economic perspective -- Introduction -- Non-financial compensation in planning and land use -- The origin: market tools for the protection of the environment -- The rationale behind non-financial compensation: creating a market or compensating restricted landowners? -- Trading and transferring a right to develop -- Origins and applications of a market for development rights as a non-financial compensation: the case of France -- Land readjustment as a non-financial device for compensation -- Some criteria for an economic evaluation of markets for development rights -- The legal nature of transferable development rights -- The relationship between zoning and the use of non-financial compensation -- Technical and institutional feasibility -- Price of rights: a `market price'? -- Equity and efficiency -- Conclusion: towards a redefinition of the right of property on land -- References -- Property, law and non-financial compensation -- Introduction.

Concepts of property: the common law and Roman law traditions -- The right to future development -- Compensation and betterment: the English dilemma -- Contractual agreements and the transfer of rights -- Non-financial compensation in the U.S. -- Non-financial compensation in the Civil Code tradition -- Conclusion -- References -- Comparing the cases and planning for the future of non-financial compensation -- Introduction -- Differences and similarities between the cases -- The conservation problem -- The conversion problem -- The re-allocation problem -- The concept of non-financial compensation revisited -- Comparing the planning context of the six countries -- Concluding remarks: planning for the future -- References -- About the authors -- Sustainable Urban Areas.