AIDS and Behavior -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- PART I -- UNDERSTANDING HIV TRANSMISSION -- SEX, DRUG USE, AND HIV TRANSMISSION -- UNDERSTANDING THE DETERMINANTS OF HIV RISK BEHAVIOR -- NEUROBIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF RISK BEHAVIOR -- PSYCHOSOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF RISK BEHAVIOR -- SOCIAL SCIENCE PERSPECTIVES ON BEHAVIOR AND BEHAVIOR CHANGE -- INTERVENTIONS TO CHANGE BEHAVIOR -- DISEASE PROGRESSION AND INTERVENTION -- THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIV AND THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM -- INTERACTIONS AMONG HIV, SUBSTANCE USE, AND MENTAL ILLNESS -- THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND HIV INFECTION -- PART II -- THE CONTEXT OF AIDS PROGRAMS AT NIAAA, NIDA, AND NIMH -- EFFECTS OF THE ADAMHA REORGANIZATION AND NIH REAUTHORIZATION -- THE BUDGET PROCESS -- THE GRANT REVIEW PROCESS -- RESEARCH FUNDING, PROGRAMS, AND PRIORITIES AT NIAAA, NIDA, AND NIMH -- NIAAA -- NIDA -- NIMH -- COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS -- THE NIH CONTEXT -- LINKAGES BETWEEN RESEARCH AND SERVICES -- AIDS PROGRAMS AT SAMHSA -- COLLABORATIONS BETWEEN RESEARCH AND SERVICES -- COORDINATION OF AIDS ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE AND THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES -- 1 Introduction -- PART I Research Findings and Opportunities -- 2 Understanding HIV Transmission -- SEXUAL TRANSMISSION -- HIV RISK AND INJECTION DRUG USE -- ALCOHOL USE AND SEXUAL TRANSMISSION -- MONITORING THE EPIDEMIC -- PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF HIV INFECTION -- FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EPIDEMIC'S COURSE: RISKY ACTS, SOCIAL NETWORKS, AND UNSAFE PLACES -- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- CONCLUSION -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR UNDERSTANDING HIV TRANSMISSION -- 3 Understanding the Determinants of HIV Risk Behavior -- NEUROBIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF RISK BEHAVIOR -- NEUROBIOLOGICAL BASIS OF DRUG-USING BEHAVIOR -- PSYCHOSOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF RISK BEHAVIOR.

PSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVES ON RISK BEHAVIOR -- PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES OF BEHAVIOR CHANGE -- SOCIAL SCIENCE PERSPECTIVES ON BEHAVIOR AND BEHAVIOR CHANGE -- Social Networks -- Social Norms -- Community -- Cultural Sensitivity -- Women and Gender Dynamics -- INTERVENTIONS TO CHANGE BEHAVIOR -- INDIVIDUAL-FOCUSED INTERVENTIONS -- Sexual Behavior -- Injection Drug Use -- COMMUNITY-FOCUSED INTERVENTIONS -- Sexual Behavior -- Injection Drug Use -- MAINTAINING BEHAVIOR CHANGE AND PREVENTING RELAPSE -- EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF AIDS INTERVENTIONS -- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- CONCLUSION -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR UNDERSTANDING THE DETERMINANTS OF HIV RISK BEHAVIOR -- 4 Disease Progression and Intervention -- THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIV AND THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM -- EFFECTS OF HIV ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: DEFINING THE ISSUES -- STAGING AND CELLULAR SITES OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTION IN AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX -- MECHANISMS FOR CAUSING SYMPTOMS -- MECHANISMS OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INJURY -- SIGNIFICANCE OF AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX FOR OTHER CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS -- CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX -- INTERACTIONS AMONG HIV, SUBSTANCE USE, AND MENTAL ILLNESS -- ALCOHOL AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM -- DRUG USE AND HIV/AIDS -- Natural History of HIV Infection Among Drug Users -- Medical Care for HIV-Infected Drug Users -- INTERVENTIONS FOR THE SERIOUSLY MENTALLY ILL -- THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND HIV INFECTION -- PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY -- COPING WITH HIV/AIDS -- CAREGIVING FOR PEOPLE WITH HIV/AIDS -- Informal Caregivers -- Formal Caregivers: Health Care Professionals -- Future Research on Caregiving -- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- CONCLUSION -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DISEASE PROGRESSION AND INTERVENTION -- PART II Managing the AIDS Research Programs at NIAAA, NIDA, and NIMH.

5 The Context of AIDS Programs at NIAAA, NIDA, and NIMH -- THE REORGANIZATION OF ADAMHA -- BACKGROUND -- STRUCTURAL EFFECTS OF THE ADAMHA REORGANIZATION -- AIDS RESEARCH AND THE NIH REAUTHORIZATION -- THE BUDGET PROCESS -- ADAMHA BUDGET PROCESS, FY 1983 TO FY 1992 -- WORKING WITHIN THE NIH PROCESS -- THE GRANT REVIEW PROCESS -- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- CONCLUSION -- RECOMMENDATIONS RELATED TO THE CONTEXT OF AIDS RESEARCH -- 6 Research Funding, Programs, and Priorities at NIAAA, NIDA, and NIMH -- FUNDING AIDS ACTIVITIES -- CATEGORIZING AIDS RESEARCH -- MECHANISMS OF SUPPORT -- NIAAA -- PROGRAMS AND PRIORITIES -- BIOMEDICAL/BIOBEHAVIORAL RESEARCH -- Epidemiological Research -- Psychosocial Research -- Social-Structural Research -- GRANTS -- NIDA -- PROGRAMS AND PRIORITIES -- Biomedical/Biobehavioral Research -- Epidemiological Research -- Psychosocial Research -- Social-Structural Research -- Drug Abuse Treatment Research -- GRANTS -- NIMH -- PROGRAMS AND PRIORITIES -- Biomedical/Biobehavioral Research -- Epidemiological Research -- Psychosocial Research -- Social-Structural Research -- GRANTS -- COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS -- AIDS RESEARCH CENTERS -- TRAINING -- THE NIH CONTEXT -- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- CONCLUSION -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESEARCH FUNDING, PROGRAMS, AND PRIORITIES AT NIAAA, NIDA, AND NIMH -- 7 Linkages Between Research and Services -- AIDS PROGRAMS AT SAMHSA -- COLLABORATIONS BETWEEN RESEARCH AND SERVICES -- NIAAA -- NIDA -- National AIDS Demonstration Research Program (NADR) -- NIDA/SAMHSA HIV Prevention/Intervention Training Courses -- Outreach and Bleach Distribution -- Other Collaborations -- NIMH -- AIDS Research Centers -- AIDS Health Care Worker Training Program -- NIMH (with CDC, HRSA, NIDA, NIAAA, and NICHD) Multisite Trial of Behavioral Strategies to Prevent the Further Spread of HIV….

HIV/AIDS Mental Health Services Demonstration Program -- Other Collaborations -- BARRIERS TO COLLABORATION -- COORDINATION OF AIDS ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE AND THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES -- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- CONCLUSION -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LINKAGES BETWEEN RESEARCH AND SERVICES -- Bibliography and References -- APPENDIXES -- A Grants Analysis Methodology -- SOURCES OF INFORMATION -- DATABASE -- LIMITATIONS -- B Abbreviations and Acronyms -- C Acknowledgments -- D Contributors -- Index.