WIND AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -- Copyright -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Contents -- Acronym List -- Executive Summary -- RECOMMENDATION -- INTRODUCTION -- WIND LOSSES: A PERSPECTIVE -- LOOKING AHEAD -- CREATING A NATIONAL WIND SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PROGRAM -- 1 Wind Hazards and Related Issues -- THE POWER OF WIND -- WIND ENGINEERING -- THE CRITICAL ROLE OF STRUCTURES -- WIND-INDUCED LOSSES: VICTIMS AND COSTS -- WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD? -- THE CRITICAL ROLE OF DESIGN STANDARDS, CODES, CODE ENFORCEMENT, AND PLANNING REGULATIONS -- STRATEGIES AND INCENTIVES -- 2 The Nature of Wind -- A WIND PRIMER -- The Near-Surface Wind -- The Wind Climatology of the United States -- Thunderstorms -- Outflows -- Downbursts and Microbursts -- Tornadoes -- Extratropical Cyclones -- Tropical Cyclones -- IMPROVING THE WIND CLIMATOLOGY OF THE UNITED STATES -- EXPANDING THE WIND-ENGINEERING DATA BASE -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- Measurements of Extreme Wind Speeds -- Extreme Wind Climatology -- 3 Wind-Engineering Research Needs -- INTRODUCTION -- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY -- Physical Modeling -- Numerical Modeling -- Field Measurements -- Innovative Experimental Approaches -- Structural Safety and Reliability -- Damage Investigations -- SEVERE WIND FORCES -- Low Buildings -- Flexible Structures -- Damping and Structure Control -- Bridges -- Motion Perception -- Offshore Winds and Their Effects -- Fatigue Problems -- CODES AND STANDARDS -- RETROFIT REROOFING -- ADDITIONAL RESEARCH TOPICS -- Wind Flow in the Urban Environment -- Pollutant Dispersion -- Ventilation -- Wind Energy -- Soil Erosion -- Modeling of Iceberg Movement and Oil Spills -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 4 Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery -- MITIGATION MEASURES -- Codes and Code Enforcement -- Land Use Management -- EMERGENCY PLANNING AND RESPONSE FOR DISASTERS.

Structure of U.S. Emergency Planning and Disaster Management -- The Extensiveness of Local Community Emergency Preparedness -- Significant Improvement -- Some Continuing Weaknesses in Community Preparedness Planning -- Specific Emergency Preparedness and Response Planning for Wind Hazards -- Pre-Impact Activities -- Postimpact Response Activities -- PLANNING FOR RECOVERY AND FUTURE MITIGATION -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- General Issues Regarding Future Research -- Specific Research Needs -- 5 Education and Technology Transfer -- EDUCATION AND TRAINING -- TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER -- POTENTIAL IMPACT OF COMPUTERS -- Knowledge-Based Expert Systems -- Extreme Winds: Analysis and Prediction -- Wind-Loading Assistant -- Risk and Damage Assessment -- Design -- Monitoring and Control -- Urban Planning -- Decision Making for Hurricane Response -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 6 Cooperative Efforts -- INTRODUCTION -- INDUSTRY-ACADEMIA COOPERATION -- DISSEMINATION OF RESEARCH FINDINGS -- INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE EFFORTS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 7 Conclusions and Recommendations -- WIND HAZARDS AND RELATED ISSUES -- Key Needs -- Recommendations -- NATURE OF WIND -- Key Needs -- Recommendations -- WIND ENGINEERING -- Key Needs -- Recommendations -- MITIGATION, PREPAREDNESS, RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY -- Key Needs -- Recommendations -- EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER -- Key Needs -- Recommendations -- COOPERATIVE EFFORTS -- Key Needs -- Recommendations -- References -- BACKGROUND REFERENCES -- Appendix -- U.S. CONFERENCES/SYMPOSIA/WORKSHOPS -- JOINT SEMINARS/SYMPOSIA/WORKSHOPS -- INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES ON WIND ENGINEERING.