PREFACE -- CONTENTS -- 0. INTRODUCTION: THE ENGLISH EXISTENTIAL AND UNIVERSALS OF LANGUAGE -- 0.1. The English Existential -- 0.2. The English Existential and Language Universals -- 1. THE PHRASE STRUCTURE ANALYSIS -- 1.1. The Competing Hypotheses -- 1.2. The Distribution of there in Deep Structure -- 1.3. The Agreement and the Progressive Conditions -- 1.4. There as a Determiner -- 1.5. Conclusion -- 2. THE PHRASE STRUCTURE ANALYSIS AND CLEFT REDUCTION -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. The Reduced Cleft Analysis -- 2.3. Other Cases of Cleft Reduction -- 2.4. Conclusion -- 3. THE TRANSFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS -- 3.1. There-insertion -- 3.2. There-insertion and the Cycle -- 3.3. There-insertion and Derived Constituent Structure -- 3.4. There-insertion and the Feature (In)definite -- 3.5. There-insertion and Semantic Features (Agency, Genericity, and (In)alienability) -- 3.6. Conclusion -- 4. STANDARD THERE-INSERTION -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. The Two bes Argument -- 4.3. The Semi-modal Argument -- 4.4. The Predicate Nominal Argument -- 4.5. Other Arguments -- 4.6. Conclusion -- 5. THERE-INSERTION AND SEMANTIC INTERPRETATION -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. The E Rule -- 5.3. The Leftmost be Condition -- 5.4. The Semi-modal Restriction -- 5.5. The Definiteness Restriction -- 5.6. The Predicate Restriction -- 5.7. Extraction Arguments -- 5.8. Other Arguments -- 5.9. Stress in Existentials -- 6. THE STRUCTURE-PRESERVING ANALYSIS OF THERE-INSERTION -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. The Optional/Obligatory Argument -- 6.3. The Semi-modal Argument -- 6.4. The Predicate Restriction -- 6.5. Criticism of the Structure-preserving Formulation -- 7. THERE-INSERTION IN GENERATIVE SEMANTICS -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Criticism of McCawley's Analysis -- 8. LOCATIVE ANALYSES OF THERE-INSERTION -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. The Locative Analysis of Kuno.

8.3. The Locative Analysis of Kimball -- 8.4. The Case Grammar Analysis -- 9. CONCLUSION -- 10. BIBLIOGRAPHY.