NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE USA: DEVELOPMENTS, POLICIES AND ISSUES -- NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE USA: DEVELOPMENTS, POLICIES AND ISSUES -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- THE NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE -- VISION AND GOALS -- INTRODUCTION -- ABOUT THE NNI -- WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY? -- ABOUT THIS PLAN -- PROGRAM COMPONENT AREAS -- RELATIONSHIP TO GOALS AND AGENCIES -- STRATEGY AND PLANS: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE NATIONAL INTEREST -- Goal 1: Advance a world-class research and development program -- R&D Investment Pathways -- Mapping the Leading Edge: Stimulating Concepts and Refining Ideas -- Collaborations and Interactions -- Goal 2: Foster the Transfer of New Technologies into Products for Commercial and Public Benefit -- NNI AGENCIES COLLABORATE TO SPEED DEVELOPMENT OF CANCER THERAPIES -- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory -- Creating a Favorable Business Environment -- NNI PARTNERSHIPS ACCELERATE DISCOVERY OF A NEW LOGIC SWITCH PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP SUPPORTING NANOELECTRONICS INNOVATION -- Beyond the Federal Program -- Goal 3: Develop and Sustain Educational Resources, a Skilled Workforce, and the Supporting Infrastructure and Tools to Advance Nanotechnology -- Nanotechnology Education -- DEVELOPING A NANOTECHNOLOGY WORKFORCE -- NANOSCIENCE RESEARCH FOR DEFENSE AND DUAL-USE TECHNOLOGIES DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FACILITIES FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH -- Full Utilization of the NNI Infrastructure -- Goal 4: Support Responsible Development of Nanotechnology -- Environmental, Health, & Safety Implications -- Societal Dimensions -- NNI AGENCIES LEVERAGING RESOURCES JOINT FUNDING OF RESEARCH ON POTENTIAL EHS IMPLICATIONS -- HIGH-IMPACT APPLICATION OPPORTUNITIES -- EARLY DETECTION OF LIFE-THREATENING DISEASES -- Rapid, Multiplexed Detection of Disease Markers -- Interested Agencies: CSREES, DOD, FDA, NIH, NIST, NSF.

KNOWING IT'S SAFE EXPOSURE MEASUREMENTS FOR ENGINEERED NANOSCALE MATERIALS INTERESTED AGENCIES: CPSC, DOD, DOE, DOL, DOT, EPA, FDA, NIH, NIOSH, NIST, NSF, USGS -- LETTING NATURE DO THE WORK -- NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY INTERESTED AGENCIES: CSREES, DOD, DOE, FDA, NASA, NIH, NSF -- SAFE AND AFFORDABLE WATER NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED WATER PURIFICATION AND TESTING INTERESTED AGENCIES: CSRESS, DOD, DOE, DOS, EPA, NASA, NIH, NSF, USGS -- SMARTER COMPUTERS FUTURE INFORMATION PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY FROM NANOTECHNOLOGYINTERESTED AGENCIES: DOD, DOE, DOT, FDA, NASA, NIH, NIST, NSF -- NANOTOXICOLOGY: DOING IT BY THE NUMBERS PREDICTING TOXICITY BEFORE MANUFACTURING INTERESTED AGENCIES: CPSC, DOD, DOE, DOL, DOT, EPA, FDA, NIOSH, NIH, NIST, NSF -- COULD, WOULD, OR SHOULD? SOCIETAL DIMENSIONS OF NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INTERESTED AGENCIES: CPSC, CSREES, DOE, DOL, FDA, NASA, NIH, NSF -- MORE ENERGY-EFFICIENT TRANSPORTATION INTERESTED AGENCIES: DOD, DOE, DOT, EPA, NASA, NIH, NIST, NSF LIGHTWEIGHT MAGNETIC AND STRUCTURAL NANOMATERIALS -- BETTER MEASUREMENTS REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR COMMERCE AND SAFETY MONITORING INTERESTED AGENCIES: CPSC, EPA, DOD, DOL, FDA, NIH, NIOSH, NIST, USGS -- ENERGY SECURITY MEETING THE ENERGY CHALLENGE INTERESTED AGENCIES: CSREES, DOE, DOD, NASA, NSF -- COORDINATION AND ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES OF THE NNI -- BACKGROUND -- NSET SUBCOMMITTEE -- WORKING GROUPS OF THE NSET SUBCOMMITTEE -- GLOBAL ISSUES IN NANOTECHNOLOGY WORKING GROUP -- NANOTECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH IMPLICATIONS WORKING GROUP -- NANOMANUFACTURING, INDUSTRY LIAISON, AND INNOVATION WORKING GROUP -- NANOTECHNOLOGY PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATIONS WORKING GROUP -- NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY COORDINATION OFFICE -- EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT -- ASSESSMENT -- APPENDIX A. WORKSHOPS -- APPENDIX B. GLOSSARY.

THE NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE: OVERVIEW, REAUTHORIZATION, AND APPROPRIATIONS ISSUES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- OVERVIEW -- NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE -- VISION AND GOALS -- HISTORY -- LEGISLATIVE APPROACH -- STRUCTURE -- Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology Subcommittee -- National Environmental and Health Implications (NEHI) -- National Innovation and Liaison with Industry (NILI) -- Global Issues in Nanotechnology (GIN) -- National Nanotechnology Coordination Office -- FUNDING -- Agency Funding -- Program Component Area Funding -- Fundamental Phenomena and Processes -- Instrumentation Research, Metrology, and Standards -- CENTERS, NETWORKS, AND USER FACILITIES -- NNI REPORTS AND ASSESSMENTS -- NNI REPORTS -- NNI ASSESSMENTS -- NANOTECHNOLOGY LEGISLATION IN THE 110TH CONGRESS S. 1199/H.R. 2436 - NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS ACT -- S. 1547 - NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2008 (INCORPORATING THE PROVISIONS OF S. 1425) -- H.R. 3235 - NANOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT AND NEW OPPORTUNITIES ACT -- S. 1372 - NANOTECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE ENHANCEMENT ACT -- CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- APPENDIX A. SELECTED REPORTS ON THE NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE -- Reports of the Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Council -- Report of the Interagency Working Group on Nanoscience, Technology, and Engineering (NSET Subcommittee Predecessor) -- Agency Reports -- External Reviews -- APPENDIX B. LIST OF NNI AND NANOTECHNOLOGY- RELATED ACRONYMS -- REFERENCES -- NANOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH, AND SAFETY: ISSUES FOR CONSIDERATION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES -- POTENTIAL NANOTECHNOLOGY CANCER APPLICATIONS -- EHS CONCERNS ABOUT CARBON NANOTUBES AND OTHER FULLERENES -- IMPORTANCE OF ADDRESSING EHS ISSUES.

SELECTED ISSUES FOR CONSIDERATION -- FEDERAL INVESTMENT IN EHS RESEARCH -- Current Funding Level -- Alternative Approaches -- Management of Federal EHS Research -- NNI EHS-FOCUSED REPORTS -- A COOPERATIVE APPROACH TO ADDRESSING EHS CONCERNS -- PROJECT ON EMERGING NANOTECHNOLOGIES RECOMMENDATIONS -- UNIQUE PROPERTIES EMERGE AT THE NANOSCALE -- FEDERAL REGULATION -- INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT -- CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- NANOTECHNOLOGY EHS-RELATED LEGISLATION IN THE 110TH CONGRESS -- H.R. 5940 - NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE AMENDMENTS ACT OF 2008 -- S. 3274 - NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE AMENDMENTS ACT OF 2008 -- NANOTECHNOLOGY: BETTER GUIDANCE IS NEEDED TO ENSURE ACCURATE REPORTING OF FEDERAL RESEARCH FOCUSED ON ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH, AND SAFETY RISKS -- WHY UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE RECOMMENDS -- WHAT UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE FOUND -- ABBREVIATIONS -- RESULTS IN BRIEF -- BACKGROUND -- ALMOST 20 PERCENT OF EHS RESEARCH PROJECTS WERE NOT PRIMARILY FOCUSED ON STUDYING THE EHS RISKS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY -- EHS RESEARCH CONSTITUTED ABOUT 3 PERCENT OF FEDERAL NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH FUNDING IN FISCAL YEAR 2006 -- CURRENT REPORTING STRUCTURE AND LIMITED GUIDANCE CONTRIBUTE TO INACCURATE REPORTING OF EHS RISK RESEARCH -- AGENCIES CONDUCT ADDITIONAL RESEARCH THAT ALSO HELPS ADVANCE SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE OF POTENTIAL EHS RISKS -- PROCESSES TO IDENTIFY AND PRIORITIZE NEEDED EHS RESEARCH APPEAR REASONABLE AND ARE ONGOING BUT A COMPREHENSIVE RESEARCH STRATEGY HAS NOT YET BEEN DEVELOPED -- AGENCIES HAVE IDENTIFIED THEIR EHS RESEARCH PRIORITIES -- NNI'S EFFORTS TO PRIORITIZE RESEARCH NEEDS ARE ONGOING -- AGENCIES' AND THE NNI'S PRIORITIZATION PROCESSES APPEAR REASONABLE.

COORDINATION PROCESSES HAVE FOSTERED INTERAGENCY COLLABORATION AND INFORMATION-SHARING -- CONCLUSIONS -- APPENDIX I. COMMENTS FROM THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY -- APPENDIX II. COMMENTS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES -- APPENDIX III. COMMENTS FROM THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY -- REFERENCES -- NANOTECHNOLOGY: ACCURACY OF DATA ON FEDERALLY FUNDED ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH, AND SAFETY RESEARCH COULD BE IMPROVED -- WHY UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE RECCOMENDS -- WHAT UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE FOUND -- BACKGROUND -- ALMOST ONE-FIFTH OF REPORTED EHS RESEARCH PROJECTS WERE NOT PRIMARILY FOCUSED ON STUDYING THE EHS RISKS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY -- PROCESSES TO IDENTIFY AND PRIORITIZE NEEDED EHS RESEARCH APPEAR REASONABLE AND ARE ONGOING BUT A COMPREHENSIVE RESEARCH STRATEGY HAS NOT YET BEEN DEVELOPED -- COORDINATION PROCESSES HAVE FOSTERED INTERAGENCY COLLABORATION AND INFORMATION-SHARING -- REFERENCES -- ENGINEERED NANOSCALE MATERIALS AND DERIVATIVE PRODUCTS: REGULATORY CHALLENGES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- REGULATORY CHALLENGES -- VOLUNTARY INITIATIVES -- LEGISLATIVE OPTIONS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.