Hamilton & Hardy's Industrial Toxicology -- Contents -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- The Heritage of Alice Hamilton, M.D. and Harriet Hardy, M.D. -- In Memory -- Preface -- Section I: Introduction -- 1. The Modern Approach to the Diagnosis of Occupational Disease -- BACKGROUND -- COMPONENTS OF THE DIAGNOSIS -- The History of Illness -- The Physical and Laboratory Examinations -- Use of Toxicology, Risk Assessment, and Risk Characterization Information -- Exposure and Dose -- Duration of Exposure -- Type of Contact -- Level of Exposure -- Environmental Exposure -- DETERMINING THE CAUSE OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE -- Causal Inference -- Epidemiology and Statistical Considerations -- REGULATORY INFORMATION -- OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS -- REFERENCES -- 2: Controls of Occupational Diseases -- BACKGROUND, SCOPE, AND PURPOSE -- REGULATING BODIES AND PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS -- ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS -- CONTEMPORARY STRATEGIES FOR CONTROLLING EXPOSURES AND DISEASES -- CONCLUSIONS -- FURTHER READING -- Section II: Metals and Metalloids -- 3. Introduction -- REFERENCES -- 4: Alkali Compounds -- BACKGROUND AND USES -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BIOACCUMULATION -- CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY -- MEDICAL MANAGEMENT -- AMMONIA -- BACKGROUND AND USES -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT -- SOURCES OF EXPOSURE -- Occupational -- REFERENCES -- LIME (CALCIUM OXIDE -- CALCIUM HYDROXIDE) -- BACKGROUND AND USES -- MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE -- REFERENCES -- SODIUM HYDROXIDE -- BACKGROUND AND USES -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- TOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- Chemical Pathology -- INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE -- REFERENCES -- 5: Aluminum -- BACKGROUND AND USES.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- Mechanism of Action(s) -- Chemical Pathology -- SOURCES OF EXPOSURE -- Occupational -- Environmental -- INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE -- MEDICAL MANAGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- 6: Antimony -- BACKGROUND AND USES -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BIOACCUMULATION -- ECOTOXICOLOGY -- MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- Mechanism of Action(s) -- SOURCES OF EXPOSURE -- Occupational -- Environmental -- INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE -- MEDICAL MANAGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- 7: Arsenic -- BACKGROUND AND USES -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Arsine -- Organoarsenicals -- Chronic Effects and Cancer -- Arsine -- Organoarsenicals -- Mechanism of Action(s) -- Chemical Pathology -- SOURCES OF EXPOSURE -- Occupational -- Environmental -- Environmental Fate and Bioaccumulation -- Organoarsenicals -- Ecotoxicology -- Acute Effects and Chronic Effects -- INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE -- RISK ASSESSMENTS -- U.S. EPA -- Inorganic Arsenic -- Arsine -- Organoarsenicals -- ATSDR -- RIVM -- Other Standard Regulations and Guidelines -- WHO -- Cal EPA -- REFERENCES -- 8: Barium -- BACKGROUND AND USES -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BIOACCUMULATION -- ECOTOXICOLOGY -- MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- Chemical Pathology -- Hypothesized Modes of Action -- SOURCES OF EXPOSURE -- Occupational -- Environmental -- INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE -- RISK ASSESSMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 9: Beryllium -- BACKGROUND AND USES -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- Mechanism of Action(s) -- Chemical Pathology -- SOURCES OF EXPOSURE -- Occupational -- Environmental -- INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE -- MEDICAL MANAGEMENT -- REFERENCES.

10: Bismuth and Related Compounds -- BACKGROUND AND USES -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- HEALTH EFFECTS -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- Mutagenicity -- Carcinogenicity -- Reproduction -- MODE OF ACTION -- OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE -- Sources of Exposure -- Industrial Hygiene -- RISK ASSESSMENT -- REFERENCES -- 11: Boron -- BACKGROUND AND USES -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BIOACCUMULATION -- ECOTOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- Chemical Pathology -- Mode of Action(s) -- SOURCES OF EXPOSURE -- Occupational -- Environmental -- INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE -- REFERENCES -- 12: Cadmium -- BACKGROUND AND USES -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BIOACCUMULATION -- ECOTOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Aquatic Species -- Terrestrial Organisms -- Chronic Effects -- Aquatic Organisms -- Terrestrial Organisms -- MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- Respiratory -- Renal -- Cancer -- Skeletal -- Chemical Pathology -- Mode of Action(s) -- Toxicity -- Entrance and Metabolism -- Excretion -- SOURCES OF EXPOSURE -- Occupational -- Environmental -- INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE -- Exposure Limits -- ACGIH -- NIOSH -- OSHA -- RISK ASSESSMENTS -- Listings as Hazardous Waste -- IRIS -- WHO -- ATSDR -- Inhalation -- Oral -- IARC -- ACGIH -- EPA -- CalEPA -- FDA -- REFERENCES -- 13: Chromium -- BACKGROUND AND USES -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BIOACCUMULATION -- ECOTOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- Chemical Pathology -- Mode of Action -- SOURCES OF EXPOSURE -- Occupational -- Environmental -- INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE (PPE) -- RISK ASSESSMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 14: Cobalt -- BACKGROUND AND USES -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Animal Acute Toxicity -- Human Acute Toxicity -- Dermal -- Respiratory -- Cardiac -- Chronic Effects -- Animal Chronic Effects -- Human Chronic Effects -- Mode of Action -- Chemical Pathology -- SOURCES OF EXPOSURE -- Occupational -- Environmental -- INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE -- MEDICAL MANAGEMENT -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- REFERENCES -- 15: Copper -- BACKGROUND AND USES -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BIOACCUMULATION -- ECOTOXICOLOGY -- MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- Chemical Pathology -- Mode of Action(s) -- SOURCES OF EXPOSURE -- Occupational -- Environmental -- INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE -- RISK ASSESSMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 16: Gallium and Indium -- BACKGROUND AND USES -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- Mechanisms of Action -- Chemical Pathology -- SOURCES OF EXPOSURE -- Occupational -- Environmental -- INDUSTRIAL HYGENE -- MEDICAL MANAGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- 17: Germanium -- BACKGROUND AND USES -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BIOACCUMULATION -- ECOTOXICOLOGY -- MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY -- Acute Studies -- Repeated Dose Studies -- SOURCES OF EXPOSURE -- Occupational -- Environmental -- INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE -- REFERENCES -- 18: Gold -- BACKGROUND AND USES -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BIOACCUMULATION -- ECOTOXICOLOGY -- MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY -- SOURCES OF EXPOSURE -- Occupational -- Environmental -- INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE -- REFERENCES -- 19: Iron -- BACKGROUND AND USES -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- Mechanisms of Action -- Chemical Pathology -- SOURCES OF EXPOSURE -- Occupational -- Environmental -- INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE -- MEDICAL MANAGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- 20: Lead.

BACKGROUND AND USES -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BIOACCUMULATION -- Air -- Water -- Soil -- MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- Neurological -- Renal -- Cardiovascular -- Hematological -- Musculoskeletal -- Gastrointestinal -- Immunological -- Reproductive -- Chemical Pathology -- Mode of Action(s) -- Neurological -- Hypertension -- Renal -- Hematological -- SOURCES OF EXPOSURE -- Occupational -- Environmental -- INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE -- Exposure Limits -- ACGIH -- NIOSH -- OSHA -- RISK ASSESSMENTS -- Listings as Hazardous Waste -- IRIS -- ATSDR -- IARC -- ACGIH -- NTP -- EPA -- CalEPA -- FDA -- REFERENCES -- 21: Lithium -- BACKGROUND AND USES -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- Mechanisms of Action -- Chemical Pathology -- SOURCES OF EXPOSURE -- Occupational -- Environmental -- INDUSTRIAL HYGENE -- MEDICAL MANAGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- 22: Manganese -- BACKGROUND AND USES -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BIOACCUMULATION -- ECOTOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- Chemical Pathology -- Mode of Action(s) -- SOURCES OF EXPOSURE -- Occupational -- Environmental -- INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE -- RISK ASSESSMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 23: Mercury -- BACKGROUND AND USES -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BIOACCUMULATION -- ECOTOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY -- Acute Effects -- Chronic Effects -- Metallic and Inorganic Mercury -- Organic Mercury -- Chemical Pathology -- Mode of Action(s) -- SOURCES OF EXPOSURE -- Occupational -- Environmental -- INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE -- Exposure Limits -- ACGIH -- NIOSH -- OSHA -- RISK ASSESSMENTS -- Listings as Hazardous Waste -- IRIS -- WHO -- ATSDR.

Inhalation.