Bio-Glasses -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Chapter 1 The Unique Nature of Glass -- 1.1 What is Glass? -- 1.2 Making Glass -- 1.3 Homogeneity and Phase Separation -- 1.4 Forming -- 1.5 Glasses that are not ``Melted'' -- 1.6 Exotic Glass -- 1.7 Summary -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2 Melt-Derived Bioactive Glass -- 2.1 Bioglass -- 2.1.1 Introduction to Bioglass -- 2.1.2 The Materials Properties of Bioglass -- 2.1.3 Mechanism of Bioactivity and Effect of Glass Composition -- 2.2 Network Connectivity and Bioactivity -- 2.3 Alternative Bioactive Glass Compositions -- 2.4 In Vitro Studies -- 2.5 In Vivo Studies and Commercial Products -- 2.5.1 Animal Studies -- 2.5.2 Human Clinical Studies and Commercial Products -- References -- Chapter 3 Sol-Gel Derived Glasses for Medicine -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Why Use the Sol-Gel Process? -- 3.3 Sol-Gel Process Principles -- 3.4 Steps in a Typical Sol-Gel Process -- 3.4.1 Stage 1: Mixing -- 3.4.2 Stage 2: Casting -- 3.4.3 Stage 3: Gelation -- 3.4.4 Stage 4: Ageing -- 3.4.5 Stage 5: Drying -- 3.4.6 Stage 6: Stabilisation -- 3.4.7 Stage 7: Densification -- 3.5 Evolution of Nanoporosity -- 3.6 Making Sol-Gel Monoliths -- 3.7 Making Particles -- 3.8 Sol-Gel Derived Bioactive Glasses -- 3.9 Summary -- References -- Chapter 4 Phosphate Glasses -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Making Phosphate Glasses -- 4.3 Phosphate Glass Structure -- 4.4 Temperature Behaviour and Crystallisation -- 4.5 Phosphate Glass Dissolution -- 4.6 Cell Compatibility of Glasses -- 4.7 Phosphate Glass Fibres and Composites -- 4.8 Applications -- 4.9 Summary -- References -- Chapter 5 The Structure of Bioactive Glasses and Their Surfaces -- 5.1 Structure of Glasses -- 5.2 Structure of Bioactive Glasses.

5.3 Computer Modeling (Theoretical Simulation) of Bioactive Glasses -- 5.4 Glass Surfaces -- 5.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 6 Bioactive Borate Glasses -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 What Differentiates a Bioactive Borate Glass from Other Bioactive Glasses? -- 6.3 Evaluating Reactive Materials (In Vitro Versus In Vivo Testing) -- 6.4 Multifunctional Bioactive Borate Glasses -- 6.5 Applications of Bioactive Borate Glasses in Orthopedics and Dental Regeneration -- 6.6 Soft Tissue Wound Healing -- 6.7 Tissue/Vessel Guidance -- 6.8 Drug Delivery -- 6.9 Commercial Product Design -- 6.10 Summary -- References -- Chapter 7 Glass-Ceramics -- 7.1 Glass-Ceramics and Their Uses -- 7.2 Methods Used for the Controlled Crystallization of Glasses -- 7.3 A Glass-Ceramic that Hardly Expands When Heated -- 7.4 High-Strength, Moldable Glass-Ceramics for Dental Restoration -- 7.5 Glass-Ceramics that are Moldable and Machinable -- 7.6 Outlook -- References -- Chapter 8 Bioactive Glass and Glass-Ceramic Coatings -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Enameling -- 8.3 Glazing -- 8.4 Plasma Spraying -- 8.5 Radiofrequency Magnetron Sputtering Deposition -- 8.6 Pulsed Laser Deposition -- 8.7 Summary -- References -- Chapter 9 Composites Containing Bioactive Glass -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Biodegradable Polymers -- 9.2.1 Natural Polymers -- 9.2.2 Synthetic Polymers -- 9.3 Composite Scaffolds Containing Bioactive Glass -- 9.4 Processing Technologies for Porous Bioactive Composites -- 9.4.1 Thermally Induced Phase Separation -- 9.4.2 Solid Freeform Fabrication/Rapid Prototyping -- 9.4.3 Other Processing Routes -- 9.5 Case Study: the PDLLA-Bioglass Composite Scaffold System -- 9.6 Final Remarks -- References -- Chapter 10 Inorganic-Organic Sol-Gel Hybrids -- 10.1 Introduction.

10.2 Hybrids in Medicine and Why They Should Be Silica-Based -- 10.3 Self-Assembled Hybrid Films and Layers of Grafted Silanes -- 10.4 Sol-Gel Hybrids -- 10.5 Ormosils -- 10.6 Polymer Choice and Property Control in Hybrids -- 10.6.1 Silica/Gelatin -- 10.7 Maintaining Bioactivity in Sol-Gel Hybrids -- 10.7.1 Calcium Incorporation in Sol-Gel Hybrids -- 10.7.2 Calcium-Containing Ormosils -- 10.7.3 Ormotites -- 10.7.4 Hybrids from Vinylsilanes or Other Bifunctional Silanes -- 10.8 Summary and Outlook -- Further Reading -- Chapter 11 Dental Applications of Glasses -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Structure of the Human Tooth -- 11.3 Glass Bioactivity and Teeth -- 11.4 Bioactive Glass in Dental Bone Regeneration -- 11.5 Treatment of Hypersensitive Teeth -- 11.6 Bioactive Glass Coating on Metal Implants -- 11.7 Antimicrobial Properties of Bioactive Glasses -- 11.8 Bioactive Glasses in Polymer Composites -- 11.9 Bioactive Glasses in Glass Ionomer Cements -- 11.10 Summary -- References -- Chapter 12 Bioactive Glass as Synthetic Bone Grafts and Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Synthetic Bone Grafts and Regenerative Medicine -- 12.3 Design Criteria for an Ideal Synthetic Bone Graft -- 12.4 Bioglass and the Complication of Crystallisation During Sintering -- 12.5 Making Porous Glasses -- 12.5.1 Space Holder Method -- 12.5.2 Polymer Foam Replication -- 12.5.3 Direct Foaming -- 12.5.4 Gel-Cast Foaming -- 12.5.5 Sol-Gel Foaming Process -- 12.5.6 Solid Freeform Fabrication -- 12.5.7 Summary of Bioactive Glass Scaffold Processing -- 12.6 The Future: Porous Hybrids -- 12.7 Bioactive Glasses and Tissue Engineering -- 12.8 Regulatory Issues -- 12.9 Summary -- Further Reading -- Chapter 13 Glasses for Radiotherapy -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Glass Design and Synthesis.

13.3 Non-Degradable or Bio-inert Glasses: Rare Earth Aluminosilicate Glasses -- 13.3.1 Preparation -- 13.3.2 Properties -- 13.4 Biodegradable Glasses: Rare Earth Borate/ Borosilicate Glasses -- 13.5 Design of Radioactive Glass Microspheres for In Vivo Applications -- 13.5.1 Glass Particle Shape -- 13.5.2 Useful Radioisotopes -- 13.5.3 Radiation Dose -- 13.5.4 Tumor Response and Tailoring of Glass Composition -- 13.6 Treatment of Liver Cancer: Hepatocellular Carcinoma -- 13.7 Treatment of Kidney Cancer: Renal Cell Carcinoma -- 13.8 Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Radiation Synovectomy -- 13.9 Summary -- References -- Index.