HIGHWAYS CONSTRUCTION, MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE -- HIGHWAYS CONSTRUCTION, MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 THE ROLE OF DIGITAL ROAD MAPS IN THE FUTURE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. APLICATIONS: SYSTEMS AND SERVICES -- 2.1. Intelligent Transport Systems -- 2.2. Use of digital maps in Intelligent Transport Systems and Services -- 2.3. Assistance and Safety Systems -- 2.3.1. Navigation Systems -- 2.3.2. Intelligent Navigation Systems -- 2.3.3. Onboard Traffic Signs Information -- 2.3.4. Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) Systems -- 2.3.5. Curve Speed Warning Systems (CSWS) -- 2.3.6. Fuel Consumption Optimization Considering the Following Stretches of Road -- 2.3.7. Adaptive Cruise Control -- 2.3.8. Lane Departure Warning System -- 2.3.9. Intelligent Lighting System -- 2.3.10. E-Call -- 2.3.11. Autonomous Driving -- 2.3.12. Cooperative Systems -- 2.4. Centralized Management Services -- 2.4.1. Traffic Monitoring and Management -- 2.4.2. Commercial Vehicles Fleet Control -- 2.4.3. Public Transport Fleet Control -- 3. DETAIL AND ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS -- 3.1. Specifications of Digital Maps and Positioning Systems -- 3.2. Map-Matching Algorithms -- 4. DEVELOPING AND UPDATING DIGITAL MAPS -- 4.1. Development and Updating Levels -- 4.2. Means of Developing Digital Maps -- 4.3. Effort to Develop Digital Maps -- 4.4. Digital Map Updating -- 4.5. Data Quality Measures -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 FINANCING HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION: REVOLVING LOAN SYSTEMS AS PAY-AS-YOU-USE -- ABSTRACT -- FISCAL STRINGENCIES AND NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEMS -- STATE INFRASTRUCTURE BANK (SIB) PROGRAMS -- REVOLVING LOAN SYSTEMS (RLS) AS PAY-AS-YOU-USE -- MECHANISMS OF REVOLVING LOAN SYSTEMS (RLS) -- PARAMETERS MAXIMIZING RLS LOANS -- SUGGESTIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF RLS PROGRAMS.

Minimizing Stimulating Unnecessary Investment Projects -- Maximizing Marketing of RLS Programs -- Assessing Project and Credit Capacities of Borrowing Entities -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 THE BALANCED VEHICULAR TRAFFIC MODEL -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE FUNDAMENTAL DIAGRAM IN MACROSCOPIC TRAFFIC MODELS -- BALANCED VEHICULAR TRAFFIC -- THE BALANCED VEHICULAR TRAFFIC MODEL AND THREE-PHASE TRAFFIC THEORY -- APPLICATION TO TRAFFIC NETWORKS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 NON-DRIVER UNDERSTANDING OF TRAFFIC SIGNS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- METHOD -- Participants -- Traffic Signs -- Procedure -- RESULTS -- Comprehension Score -- Sign Awareness -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 MITIGATION MEASURES TO REDUCE IMPACTS ON BIODIVERSITY -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MAIN EFFECTS OF HIGHWAYS ON TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES -- Road Mortality -- Barrier Effects -- Habitat Loss -- MITIGATION MEASURES TO MINIMIZE IMPACTS ON TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES -- Main Mitigation Guidelines -- Target Species -- Placement and Time -- Design Elements -- Crossing Structures -- Dry Ledges -- Fencing -- Escape Opportunities from the Right of Way (ROW) -- Noise Barriers -- Complementary Actions -- Methods with Little Evidence of Effectiveness -- Species-Specific Design Standards -- Amphibians and Riparian Reptiles -- Upland Reptiles -- Birds/Bats -- Small and Meso-Sized Mammals -- Large Mammals -- METHODS TO EVALUATE THE EFFICIENCY OF MITIGATION MEASURES -- THE FUTURE OF EFFECTIVE MITIGATION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 STUDY ON IMPACT COMPACTION OF AEOLIAN SAND SUBGRADE AND ITS EFFECT EVALUATION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. TECHNIQUE OF IMPACT COMPACTION -- 1.1. Theory of Impact Compaction -- 1.2. The Theory of Impact Roller.

2 CONSTRUCTION OF THE IMPACT COMPACTION OF AEOLIAN SAND SUBGRADE -- 3. EFFECT EVALUATION OF IMPACT COMPACTION -- 3.1. Analysis of Compactness -- 3.2. Analysis of the Dynamic Elastic Modulus -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 THE TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION AND EXPANSION AND TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION AND EXPANSION -- TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT -- SOCIOECONOMIC TRADE-OFFS -- Highway Construction and Expansion -- Transit-Oriented Development -- TRADE-OFF ANALYSIS -- Highway Construction and Expansion -- Transit Oriented Development -- CASE STUDIES -- MULTIOBJECTIVE ANALYSIS -- Land Use -- Travel Time -- Impact on Communities (Livability and Equity) -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS IN APPLYING DESIGN FLEXIBILITY AND CONTEXT SENSITIVE SOLUTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF ALTERNATIVE ALIGNMENT OF MD 43 EXTENSION -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. BACKGROUND -- 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT -- Existing Transportation Infrastructure -- Constraints -- Growth Projections and Fiscal Impacts to the Area -- Economic Development -- 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ALTERNATIVES -- 5. THE PROPOSED CSS APPROACH -- 6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN HIGHWAY AND TRANSIT INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION* -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- TYPES OF TRANSPORTATION PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS -- PROMINENT EXAMPLES OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS -- Chicago Skyway -- Indiana Toll Road -- Northern Virginia I-495 HOT Lanes -- Las Vegas Monorail -- Missouri DOT Safe and Sound Program -- FEDERAL LEGISLATION AND PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS -- Highway Public-Private Partnerships -- Highway Tolling -- Innovative Finance -- Innovative Contracting -- Transit Public-Private Partnerships.

Innovative Financing -- Innovative Contracting -- ISSUES FOR CONGRESS -- Additional Resources for Transportation Infrastructure -- Diversion of Resources from the Transportation Sector -- Other Resource Benefits -- Effects of Public-Private Partnerships on the Operation and Planning of the Surface Transportation System -- Operation of the Highway Network -- Highway Travel Costs -- Traffic Diversion -- Equity -- Infrastructure Planning -- Unsolicited Proposals -- Non-Compete Provisions -- Lease Duration -- Foreign Control -- Protecting the Public Interest -- POLICY OPTIONS FOR CONGRESS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX -- Blank Page.