TRIBOLOGY OF CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES: A Materials Science Perspective -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- FOREWORD BY PROF. IAN HUTCHINGS -- FOREWORD BY PROF. KARL-HEINZ ZUM GAHR -- ABOUT THE AUTHORS -- SECTION I: FUNDAMENTALS -- CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW: TRIBOLOGICAL MATERIALS -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF CERAMICS -- 2.3 PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL CERAMICS -- 2.4 APPLICATIONS OF STRUCTURAL CERAMICS -- 2.5 CLOSING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 3: OVERVIEW: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS -- 3.1 THEORY OF BRITTLE FRACTURE -- 3.2 CRACKING IN BRITTLE MATERIALS -- 3.3 DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT OF BASIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES -- 3.3.1 Hardness -- 3.3.2 Compressive Strength -- 3.3.3 Flexural Strength -- 3.3.4 Elastic Modulus -- 3.3.5 Fracture Toughness -- 3.4 TOUGHENING MECHANISMS -- 3.5 CLOSING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 4: SURFACES AND CONTACTS -- 4.1 SURFACE ROUGHNESS -- 4.2 SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY AND ASPERITIES -- 4.3 REAL CONTACT AREA -- 4.4 CONTACT LOAD DISTRIBUTION AND HERTZIAN STRESSES -- 4.5 CLOSING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 5: FRICTION -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 LAWS OF FRICTION -- 5.3 FRICTION MECHANISMS -- 5.4 FRICTION OF COMMON ENGINEERING MATERIALS -- 5.5 CLOSING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 6: FRICTIONAL HEATING AND CONTACT TEMPERATURE -- 6.1 TRIBOLOGICAL PROCESS AND CONTACT TEMPERATURE -- 6.2 CONCEPT OF "BULK" AND "FLASH" TEMPERATURE -- 6.3 IMPORTANCE AND RELEVANCE OF SOME READY-TO-USE ANALYTICAL MODELS -- 6.4 REVIEW OF SOME FREQUENTLY EMPLOYED READY-TO-USE MODELS -- 6.4.1 Assumptions in Various Models -- 6.4.2 Model Descriptions and Implications -- 6.4.2.1 Archard Model -- 6.4.2.2 Kong-Ashby Model -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 7: WEAR MECHANISMS -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 CLASSIFICATION OF WEAR MECHANISMS -- 7.2.1 Adhesive Wear -- 7.2.2 Abrasive Wear.

7.2.2.1 Abrasion of Composites -- 7.2.3 Fatigue Wear -- 7.2.4 Oxidation and Tribochemical Wear -- 7.2.5 Fretting Wear -- 7.2.5.1 Fretting Modes -- 7.2.5.2 Mechanics of Elastic Contacts under Fretting Conditions -- 7.2.5.3 Mechanics of Elastic-Plastic Contacts under Fretting Conditions -- 7.2.5.4 Fretting Regimes -- 7.2.5.5 Determination of Fretting Regimes -- 7.2.5.6 Fretting Maps -- 7.2.5.7 Velocity Accommodation in Fretting -- 7.2.5.8 Friction Logs -- 7.2.6 Solid Particle Erosion -- 7.2.6.1 Erosion of Ductile Materials -- 7.2.6.2 Erosion of Brittle Materials -- 7.3 CLOSING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 8: LUBRICATION -- 8.1 LUBRICATION REGIMES -- 8.2 STRIBECK CURVE -- REFERENCES -- SECTION II: FRICTION AND WEAR OF STRUCTURAL CERAMICS -- CHAPTER 9: OVERVIEW: STRUCTURAL CERAMICS -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 ZIRCONIA CRYSTAL STRUCTURES AND TRANSFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF TETRAGONAL ZIRCONIA -- 9.3 TRANSFORMATION TOUGHENING -- 9.3.1 Micromechanical Modeling -- 9.4 STABILIZATION OF TETRAGONAL ZIRCONIA -- 9.5 DIFFERENT FACTORS INFLUENCING TRANSFORMATION TOUGHENING -- 9.5.1 Grain Size -- 9.5.2 Yttria Content -- 9.5.3 Yttria Distribution -- 9.6 STRESS-INDUCED MICROCRACKING -- 9.7 DEVELOPMENT OF SIALON CERAMICS -- 9.8 MICROSTRUCTURE OF S-SIALON CERAMICS -- 9.10 PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM DIBORIDE CERAMICS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 10: CASE STUDY: TRANSFORMATION-TOUGHENEDZIRCONIA -- 10.1 BACKGROUND -- 10.2 WEAR RESISTANCE -- 10.3 MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE WORN SURFACES -- 10.4 ZIRCONIA PHASE TRANSFORMATION AND WEAR BEHAVIOR -- 10.5 WEAR MECHANISMS -- 10.6 RELATIONSHIP AMONG MICROSTRUCTURE, TOUGHNESS, AND WEAR -- 10.7 INFLUENCE OF HUMIDITY ON TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SELF-MATED ZIRCONIA -- 10.8 WEAR MECHANISMS IN DIFERENT HUMIDITY -- 10.9 TRIBOCHEMICAL WEAR IN HIGH HUMIDITY -- 10.10 CLOSING REMARKS -- REFERENCES.

CHAPTER 11: CASE STUDY: SIALON CERAMICS -- 11.1 INTRODUCTION -- 11.2 MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTS -- 11.3 TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITIONALLY TAILORED SIALON VERSUS β-SIALON -- 11.4 TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF S-SIALON CERAMIC -- 11.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 12: CASE STUDY: MAX PHASE-TI3SIC2 -- 12.1 BACKGROUND -- 12.2 FRICTIONAL BEHAVIOR -- 12.3 WEAR RESISTANCE AND WEAR MECHANISMS -- 12.4 RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY AND ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY ANALYSIS -- 12.5 TRANSITION IN WEAR MECHANISMS -- 12.6 SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 13: CASE STUDY: TITANIUM DIBORIDE CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES -- 13.1 INTRODUCTION -- 13.2 MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTS -- 13.3 TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TiB2-MoSi2 CERAMICS -- 13.3.1 Friction and Wear -- 13.3.2 Wear and Dissipated Energy -- 13.3.3 Wear and Abrasion Parameter -- 13.3.4 Material Removal Mechanisms -- 13.4 TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TiB2-TiSi2 CERAMICS -- 13.5 CLOSING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- SECTION III: FRICTION AND WEAR OF BIOCERAMICS AND BIOCOMPOSITES -- CHAPTER 14: OVERVIEW: BIOCERAMICS AND BIOCOMPOSITES -- 14.1 INTRODUCTION -- 14.2 SOME USEFUL DEFINITIONS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS -- 14.2.1 Biomaterials -- 14.2.2 Biocompatibility -- 14.2.3 Host Response -- 14.3 EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF BIOCOMPATIBILITY -- 14.4 WEAR OF IMPLANTS -- 14.5 COATING ON METALS -- 14.6 GLASS-CERAMICS -- 14.7 BIOCOMPATIBLE CERAMICS -- 14.7.1 Bioinert Ceramics -- 14.7.2 Calcium Phosphate-Based Biomaterials -- 14.8 OUTLOOK -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 15: CASE STUDY: POLYMER-CERAMIC BIOCOMPOSITES -- 15.1 INTRODUCTION -- 15.2 MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTS -- 15.3 FRICTIONAL BEHAVIOR -- 15.4 WEAR-RESISTANCE PROPERTIES -- 15.5 WEAR MECHANISMS -- 15.6 CORRELATION AMONG WEAR RESISTANCE, WEAR MECHANISMS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES, AND CONTACT PRESSURE -- 15.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES.

CHAPTER 16: CASE STUDY: NATURAL TOOTH AND DENTAL RESTORATIVE MATERIALS -- 16.1 INTRODUCTION -- 16.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 16.2.1 Preparation of Human Tooth Material -- 16.3 TRIBOLOGICAL TESTS ON TOOTH MATERIAL -- 16.4 PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GLASS-CERAMICS -- 16.5 WEAR EXPERIMENTS ON GLASS-CERAMICS -- 16.6 MICROSTRUCTURE AND HARDNESS OF HUMAN TOOTH MATERIAL -- 16.7 TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HUMAN TOOTH MATERIAL -- 16.7.1 Friction Behavior -- 16.7.2 Wear Mechanisms -- 16.8 WEAR PROPERTIES OF GLASS-CERAMICS -- 16.9 DISCUSSION OF WEAR MECHANISMS OF GLASS-CERAMICS -- 16.10 COMPARISON WITH EXISTING GLASS-CERAMIC MATERIALS -- 16.11 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 17: CASE STUDY: GLASS-INFILTRATED ALUMINA -- 17.1 INTRODUCTION -- 17.2 MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTS -- 17.3 FRICTIONAL PROPERTIES -- 17.4 WEAR RESISTANCE AND WEAR MECHANISMS -- 17.5 WEAR DEBRIS ANALYSIS AND TRIBOCHEMICAL REACTIONS -- 17.6 INFLUENCE OF GLASS INFILTRATION ON WEAR PROPERTIES -- 17.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 18: TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC BIOCOMPOSITES -- 18.1 BACKGROUND -- 18.2 TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MULLITE-REINFORCED HYDROXYAPATITE -- 18.3 FRICTION AND WEAR RATE -- 18.3.1 Effect of Simulated-Body-Fluid Medium on Wear of Mullite-Reinforced Hydroxyapatite -- 18.3.2 Surface Topography of Mullite-Reinforced Hydroxyapatite after Fretting Wear -- 18.3.3 Frictional Behavior -- 18.3.4 Wear Micromechanisms of Hydroxyapatite-Based Materials in Simulated Body Fluid -- 18.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- SECTION IV: FRICTION AND WEAR OF NANOCERAMICS -- CHAPTER 19: OVERVIEW: NANOCERAMIC COMPOSITES -- 19.1 INTRODUCTION -- 19.2 PROCESSING OF BULK NANOCRYSTALLINE CERAMICS -- 19.3 OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPED NANOCERAMICS AND CERAMIC NANOCOMPOSITES -- 19.3.1 Monolithic Nanoceramics -- 19.3.2 Alumina-Based Nanocomposites.

19.3.3 Tungsten Carbide-Based Nanocomposites -- 19.3.4 Zirconia-Based Nanocomposites -- 19.4 OVERVIEW OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC NANOCOMPOSITES -- 19.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 20: CASE STUDY: NANOCRYSTALLINE YTTRIA STABILIZEDTETRAGONAL ZIRCONIA POLYCRYSTALLINE CERAMICS -- 20.1 INTRODUCTION -- 20.2 MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTS -- 20.3 TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES -- 20.4 TRIBOMECHANICAL WEAR OF YTTRIA-STABILIZEDZIRCONIA NANOCERAMIC WITH VARYING YTTRIA DOPANT -- 20.5 COMPARISON WITH OTHER STABILIZED ZIRCONIA CERAMICS -- 20.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 21: CASE STUDY: NANOSTRUCTURED TUNGSTEN CARBIDE-ZIRCONIA NANOCOMPOSITES -- 21.1 INTRODUCTION -- 21.2 MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTS -- 21.3 FRICTION AND WEAR CHARACTERISTICS -- 21.4 WEAR MECHANISMS -- 21.5 EXPLANATION OF HIGH WEAR RESISTANCE OF CERAMIC NANOCOMPOSITES -- 21.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- SECTION V: LIGHTWEIGHT COMPOSITES AND CERMETS -- CHAPTER 22: OVERVIEW: LIGHTWEIGHT METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES AND CERMETS -- 22.1 DEVELOPMENT OF METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES -- 22.2 DEVELOPMENT OF CERMETS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 23: CASE STUDY: MAGNESIUM-SILICON CARBIDE PARTICULATE-REINFORCED COMPOSITES -- 23.1 INTRODUCTION -- 23.2 MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTS -- 23.3 LOAD-DEPENDENT FRICTION AND WEAR PROPERTIES -- 23.4 FRETTING-DURATION-DEPENDENT TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES -- 23.5 TRIBOCHEMICAL WEAR OF MAGNESIUM-SILICON CARBIDE PARTICULATE-REINFORCED COMPOSITES -- 23.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 24: CASE STUDY: TITANIUM CARBONITRIDE-NICKEL-BASED CERMETS -- 24.1 INTRODUCTION -- 24.2 MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTS -- 24.3 ENERGY DISSIPATION AND ABRASION AT LOW LOAD -- 24.4 INFLUENCE OF TYPE OF SECONDARY CARBIDES ON SLIDING WEAR OF TITANIUM CARBONITRIDE-NICKEL CERMETS -- 24.4.1 Wear Mechanisms -- 24.5 TRIBOCHEMICAL WEAR OF TITANIUM CARBONITRIDE-BASED CERMETS.

24.5.1 Evolution of Tribochemistry and Contact Temperature.