PSYCHOLINGUISTICS PSYCHOLOGY, LINGUISTICS, AND THE STUDY OF NATURAL LANGUAGE -- Editorial page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Introductory Comments -- Comprehension -- Production -- Acquisition -- Summary -- Chapter 2. A History of Psycholinguistics -- Early Signposts: Syntactics, Semantics, and Pragmatics -- An Historical Overview -- The Four Major Periods -- Formative Period -- Linguistic Period -- Cognitive Period -- Psycholinguistic Theory, Psychological Reality, and Cognitive Science -- Summary -- Chapter 3. Speech Perception and Production -- Articulatory Phonetics vs. Acoustic Phonetics -- Articulatory Phonetics -- Phonetic Feature Specifications -- Acoustic Phonetics -- Speech Perception -- Stages in Speech Perception -- Auditory Stage -- Speech Recognition and Speech Synthesis by Machines -- Phonetic Stage -- Categorical Nature of Speech Perception -- Categorical Perception by Infants -- Phonological Stage -- Lexical, Syntactic, and Semantic Stage -- Continuous Speech -- Syllables, Rhythm, and Stress-Patterning -- Findings from the Non-continuous Speech of Nonsense Syllables -- Speech Errors and Speech Production -- Pausing and Hesitations -- Constituent Size and Placement of Pauses -- Will vs. Skill -- Slips of the Tongue -- Speech Errors and Higher Levels of Planning and Production -- 'Freudian Slips' and Psychological Explanations for Speech Errors -- Speech Production and Speech Perception Interface? -- Support for a Production/Perception Interface -- Criticisms and Conclusions on the Production-Perception Interface -- Sound Symbolism -- Primary Onomatopoeia -- Secondary Onomatopoeia -- Cross-linguistic Evaluative Similarities for Restricted Sets -- Language-specific Sound Symbolism -- Summary -- Chapter 4. Morphology and the Mental Lexicon.

Introductory Comments to the Study of Morphology -- Grammatical Morphemes and Conceptual Structure -- Inflectional Morphology and Derivational Morphology -- Inflectional Morphology -- Schemas in Irregular Inflectional Morphology -- Derivational Morphology -- Degrees of Morphological Relationship -- Productivity in Derivational Morphology -- Developmental Productivity of Derivational Morphology -- Historicity and Orthography Affect Derivational Knowledge -- Morphological Structure, Word Recognition, and the Mental Lexicon -- Written-Word Recognition -- Spoken-Word Recognition -- Parsing Strategies in Word Recognition -- Evidence from Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomena and Malapropisms -- The Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon -- Spontaneous Malapropisms -- Summary -- Chapter 5. Syntax -- Introductory Comments to the Study of Syntax -- Structuralism -- Transformational Generative Grammar -- Introductory Remarks on the Generative Approach -- Basic Assumptions of Generative Grammar -- Early 1957 Chomsky and "Syntactic Structures" -- Chomsky's 1965 Standard Theory from "Aspects" -- Extended Standard Theory or Interpretive Semantics -- Traces -- Government and Binding -- Other Grammatical Theories -- Generative Semantics -- Case Grammar -- Lexical Functional Grammar, Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, and Relational Grammar -- Sentential Relationships and the Derivational Theory of Complexity -- Sentence Processing and Sentence Comprehension -- Negatives and Negation -- Inherent Negatives -- Negatives and Plausible Denials -- Passive Sentences -- Questions and Answering Questions -- Semantic Expectations Influence Sentence Processing -- Syntactic Ambiguity -- Single Reading or Multiple Readings? -- Parsing Strategies -- Modularity vs. Interactionism -- Memory and Sentence Recall -- Short-term and Long-term Memory -- Memory for Form vs. Memory for Gist -- Imagery.

Temporal vs. Syntactic Sequencing -- Propositional Content -- Inference -- Sentence Production -- Summary -- Chapter 6. Discourse -- Discourse and Discourse Analysis -- Speech Act Theory and Discourse -- Information vs. Intention in Production and Perception -- The Force of Speech Acts -- A Taxonomy of Direct Speech Acts -- Performatives -- Indirect Speech Acts -- Responding to Indirect Speech Acts -- indirect Speech Acts in Isolation and in Discourse Context -- Conventions, Conversational Postulates, and Conversational Implicatures -- Criticisms and Modifications of the Gricean Principle -- Textual and Conversational Coh esion -- Conversational C ohesion -- Denials -- Conversational Turn-Taki ng -- Attention and Selective Liste ning -- Memory for Form vs. Memory for Gist -- Discourse Str uctures -- Mental Models -- Culture-specific Discourse Structu res -- Inference -- Ambiguity Resolution and the Influence of Discourse Conte xt -- Knowledge as Context -- Discourse as Context -- Reasoning from Discourse -- Reasoning across Language s -- Document Design and Discourse Des ign -- Summary -- Chapter 7. Semantics -- The Nature of Meaning and The Nature of Semantic Inqu iry -- Philosophical Background to the Study of Meaning -- Units of Semantic Anal ysis -- Models of Semantic Analysis: Lexical Semantics -- Referential Theory of Meaning -- Denotation vs. Connotation -- Semantic Differential -- Word Associations -- Semantic Fields -- Feature Theory -- Prototype Theory -- Categorial Networks -- Spreading Activation Models -- Lexical Ambiguity and the Notion of Spreading Activation -- Models of Semantic Interpretation: Compositional Semantics -- Earlier Semantics-based Grammars -- Earlier Case Grammars -- The Compositionality Principle -- Mental Models Again! -- Metaphor -- Semantic Considerations in Sentence Processing and Production.

Memory and Information Processing -- Marked vs. Unmarked -- Summary -- Chapter 8. Language and Thought -- Introductory Comments on Language and Thought -- Linguistic Relativity Hypothesi s -- Matching Linguistic Structures with Cognitive Structures -- Vocabulary -- Grammatical Categories and Mode of Inflection -- Manner of Sentence Formatio n -- Part of Speech Designations -- The Language of Exper ience -- Language and National Characte r -- Linguistic Universals -- Perceptual Categories and Folk Taxonomies -- Naming Objects -- Ethnoscience and the Lexicon -- Basic Color Terms in the Lexicon -- Focal Colors -- Conclusions on the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis -- Piagetand Vygotsky -- Piaget -- Vygotsky -- Modularity in Cognition -- Summary -- Chapter 9. Biological Prerequisites -- Introductory Comments to the Biology of Language -- Rationalism vs. Empiricism -- Human Origins and Language Origins -- Communicative Primates? -- Biological Foundations: Contrasting Genetic and Cultural History -- The Vocal Tract: Adaptation in the Oral and Pharyngeal Cavities -- The Brain and Hemispheric Specialization -- Critical Period for Language Acquisition? -- Feral Children -- Genie -- Evidence from Deaf Children -- Language and the Human Species -- Summary -- Chapter 10. First Language Acquisition -- Introductory Comments to the Study of Child Language -- Comprehension vs. Production -- Linguistic Constraints and Cognitive Constraints on Language Development -- Linguistic Constraints -- Cognitive Constraints -- Child Phonology -- Speech Perception and Its Acquisition by Children -- Later Perception of Contrasts -- Speech Production and Its Acquisition by Children -- Babbling -- Articulation -- Jakobsonian Acquisition of Contrasts in Production -- An English-speaking Child's Phonetic Inventory -- Non-segmental Phonology -- Underlying Representations.

The Acquisition of Morphology -- Derivational vs. Inflectional Morphology -- Order of Morphological Acquisition -- Inflectional Morphology -- irregular Inflectional Morphology -- Derivational Morphology -- Stem Morphology -- Child Syntax -- Early Syntax -- The One-Word or Holophrastic Stage -- Two-Word Stage -- Hierarchical Stage -- Later Syntax: Acquiring Transformational Rules -- Questions and Negatives -- Passives -- Compound and Complex Sentences -- Syntactic Development after Age Five -- The Acquisition of Semantics -- The Child's Vocabulary -- Semantic Systems -- Semantic Feature Hypothesis -- Polar Opposites, Positive/Negative Pairs, and Marked/Unmarked Pairs -- Word Associations and Grammatical Relations -- Learning the Meaning of New Words through Verbal Context -- Creating New Verbs from Nouns -- Adjectives -- Semantic Networks -- Categorization by Children -- Discourse -- Discourse to Children -- Baby Talk -- Caretaker Speech: How Do Adults Talk to Children? -- The Motherese Controversy -- Discourse by Children: Communicative and Pragmatic Functions -- Metalinguistic Abilities: What Do Children Know about What They Know? -- Summary -- References -- Index.