Nanomaterials for Environmental Protection -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- List of Abbreviations -- Part I Remediation with Use of Metals, Metal Oxides, Complexes and Composites -- Chapter 1 Groundwater Water Remediation by Static Diffusion Using Nano-Zero Valent Metals (Fe0, Cu0, Al0), n-FeHn+, n-Fe(OH)x, n-FeOOH, n-Fe-[OxHy](n+/−) -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Contaminants Removed by n-Fe0, n-Cu0, and n-Al0 -- 1.3 Remediation Mechanisms -- 1.4 Remediation Market -- 1.5 Conclusions -- Appendix 1.A List of Abbreviations and Equation Symbols -- Appendix 1.B Ions (Oxides, Hydrides, Peroxides, and Hydroxides) Removed by Precipitation Due to the Alteration of Eh and pH in Groundwater by ZVM -- Appendix 1.C Half Reactions and Redox Potentials Associated with ZVM -- References -- Chapter 2 Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Wastewater Disinfection -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Photoactive Metal Oxides -- 2.3 Kinetics and Reaction Mechanisms -- 2.4 Visible Light Absorbing Semiconductors -- 2.5 Slurries or Immobilized Photocatalyst -- 2.6 TiO2 Particles and Nanotubes -- 2.7 Photocatalysis on TiO2 Nanotubes -- 2.8 Photoelectrocatalysis on TDN -- 2.9 Other Nanostructured Metal Oxides -- 2.10 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 Cu2O-Based Nanocomposites for Environmental Protection: Relationship between Structure and Photocatalytic Activity, Application, and Mechanism -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Structural Feature and Cu2O Modification -- 3.3 Cu2O-Based Nanocomposites for Environmental Protection -- 3.4 Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 Multifunctional Nanocomposites for Environmental Remediation -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Multifunctional Nanocomposites Development: From Fabrication to Processing -- 4.3 Characterization and Property Analysis of Multifunctional Nanocomposites.

4.4 Environmental Remediation through Multifunctional Nanocomposites -- 4.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 5 Nanomaterials for the Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds from Aqueous Solutions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 NMs for BTEX Removal -- 5.3 Nanomaterials for Chlorobenzene Removal -- 5.4 NMs for Chlorinated Alkenes Removal -- 5.5 NMs for Phenol Removal -- 5.6 The Impact of NMs on VOC Removal by Other Processes -- 5.7 Challenges in the Use of NMs for VOC Remediation -- References -- Chapter 6 Hybrid Metal Nanoparticle-Containing Polymer Nanofibers for Environmental Applications -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Challenges of Environmental Nanotechnology -- 6.3 Electrospinning Technology -- 6.4 Fabrication of Hybrid Metal NP-Containing Polymer Nanofibers -- 6.5 Environmental Applications of Hybrid Metal NP-Containing Polymer Nanofibers -- 6.6 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 7 Nanomaterials on the Basis of Chelating Agents, Metal Complexes, and Organometallics for Environmental Purposes -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Elemental Metals Functionalized with Chelating Ligands -- 7.3 N-Containing Ligands -- 7.4 O-Containing Ligands -- 7.5 N,O-Containing Ligands -- 7.6 S-Containing Ligands -- 7.7 P-Containing Ligands -- 7.8 Nanocomposites on the Basis of Organometallic Compounds -- 7.9 Conclusions -- References -- Part II Remediation with Use of Carbon Nanotubes -- Chapter 8 Carbon Nanotubes: Next-Generation Nanomaterials for Clean Water Technologies -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Modification of CNTs -- 8.3 Adsorption of Heavy Metals -- 8.4 Adsorption of Bacterial Pathogens -- 8.5 CNT-Based Membranes -- 8.6 Lifecycle Assessment of CNTs -- 8.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Part III Photocatalytical Remediation -- Chapter 9 New Advances in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis for Treatment of Toxic Metals and Arsenic -- 9.1 Introduction.

9.2 Basic Principles of HP -- 9.3 Arsenic -- 9.4 Chromium -- 9.5 Uranium -- 9.6 Lead -- 9.7 Mercury -- 9.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10 Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide for Photocatalytic Water Treatment -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Photocatalytic Reaction -- 10.3 Synthesis Techniques -- 10.4 Strategies for Increasing Photoreactivity -- 10.5 Particle Shape Calculation -- 10.6 Controlled Crystal Growth -- 10.7 Application of Photocatalysis in Water Treatment -- References -- Chapter 11 Destruction of Chloroorganic Compounds with Nanophotocatalysts -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Principle of the Method -- 11.3 Materials and Equipment -- 11.4 Results and Discussions -- 11.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12 Semiconductor Nanomaterials for Organic Dye Degradation and Hydrogen Production via Photocatalysis -- 12.1 Introduction -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part IV Nanoadsorbents and Nanofiltration -- Chapter 13 Advanced Oxidation Processes, Nanofiltration, and Application of Bubble Column Reactor -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Vision of AOP -- 13.3 Vision of Nanofiltration and the Wide Domain of Membrane Science and its Impact on Scientific Research Pursuit -- 13.4 Further Research Endeavor in the Field of Nanofiltration -- 13.5 Research Thrust Areas in the Field of AOPs and the Vision toward Effective Ozonation Procedures -- 13.6 Man's Scientific Mind toward Novel Environmental Engineering Procedures -- 13.7 Application of a Bubble Column Reactor and Vision of Innovative Ideas -- 13.8 Doctrine of Heat and Mass Transfer Characteristics of a Bubble Column Reactor -- 13.9 Doctrine of Hydrodynamics of Bubble Column Reactor and Multiphase Flow -- 13.10 Hidden Truth in the Domain of Environmental Engineering and Nanofiltration -- 13.11 Future Vision and Future Flow of Thoughts -- Acknowledgment -- References.

Chapter 14 Carbon Nanomaterials as Adsorbents for Environmental Analysis -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 CNMs for Environmental Analysis -- 14.3 Adsorption on CNMs -- 14.4 CNMs for Preconcentration of Environmental Pollutants -- 14.5 Chromatographic Applications of CNMs -- 14.6 Membranes Applications of CNMs -- 14.7 Other Applications of CNMs -- 14.8 Conclusions and Future Vision -- References -- Suggested Websites -- Chapter 15 Application of Nanoadsorbents in Water Treatment -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Nanoadsorbents in Water Treatment -- 15.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 16 Organo-Clay Nanohybrid Adsorbents in the Removal of Toxic Metal Ions -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Organo-Modification with Small Molecules -- 16.3 Polymer Modification -- 16.4 Conclusions and Prospects -- References -- Part V Membranes on Nanomaterials Basis -- Chapter 17 Water Remediation Using Nanoparticle and Nanocomposite Membranes -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Nanoparticles in Water Remediation -- 17.3 Nanocomposite Membranes in Water Remediation -- 17.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part VI Green Methods in Nanomaterials Synthesis -- Chapter 18 Green Methodologies in the Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Biosynthesis Methods -- 18.3 Microwave-Assisted Nanoparticle Synthesis -- 18.4 Sonochemical Synthesis of Nanoparticles -- 18.5 Electrochemical Synthesis of Nanoparticles -- 18.6 Sonoelectrochemical Reduction -- 18.7 Supercritical Solvents for Nanoparticle Synthesis -- 18.8 Solar Energy -- 18.9 Concentrated Solar Energy -- 18.10 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 19 An Environmentally Friendly and Green Approach for Synthesis and Applications of Silver Nanoparticles -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 The Story of Silver NPs -- 19.3 Why Microbial Synthesis? -- 19.4 Biogenerators of Silver NPs.

19.5 Principle of NP Biosynthesis -- 19.6 Mechanism of Silver NP Synthesis -- 19.7 Peptides -- 19.8 Enzymes -- 19.9 External Factors Affecting NPs Production -- 19.10 Purification of NPs -- 19.11 Applications of NPs -- 19.12 Medicinal Applications -- 19.13 Environmental Applications -- 19.14 Rising Concern over Nanosilver Toxicity -- 19.15 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 20 Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials Using Biological Routes -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Bioremediation -- 20.3 Metal Nanoparticles -- 20.4 Metal Oxide Nanoparticles -- 20.5 Metal Sulfide Nanoparticles -- 20.6 Metal Carbonate Nanoparticles -- 20.7 Bioleaching: A Truly "Green" Biological Approach -- 20.8 Novel Approach toward Biosynthesis -- 20.9 Outlook -- References -- Part VII CO2 Adsorption -- Chapter 21 Nanomaterials for Carbon Dioxide Adsorption -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 CO2 Storage and Sequestration -- 21.3 Novel Technologies -- References -- Part VIII Intelligent Nanomaterials -- Chapter 22 Development of Intelligent Nanomaterials as a Strategy to Solve Environmental Problems -- 22.1 Environmentally Responsive Materials as Mechanical Actuators -- 22.2 Thermally Responsive Polymers (PNIPAM) -- 22.3 Noble Metal Nanoparticles -- 22.4 Calculus of Extinction Spectra in Metallic Nanoparticles Using Mie Theory -- 22.5 Energy Conversion of Metallic Nanoparticles -- 22.6 Synthesis Routes of Environmentally Sensitive Polymer-Metal Nanoparticle Hybrids -- 22.7 Conclusions -- References -- Part IX Desalination -- Chapter 23 Engineered Nanomaterials for Purification and Desalination of Palatable Water -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 Desalination -- 23.3 Aquaporins -- 23.4 Ferritins -- 23.5 Single Enzyme Nanoparticles -- 23.6 Carbon Nanotubes -- 23.7 Porous Media and Ceramics -- 23.8 Nanofiltration -- 23.9 Dendrimers -- 23.10 Metal Nanoparticles -- 23.11 Graphene.

23.12 Water Site Remediation/Nanoremediation.