Attosecond Nanophysics -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Attosecond Tools -- 1.1.1 Strong Field Control Using Laser Pulses with Well-Defined Waveforms -- 1.1.2 Attosecond Light Pulses: Tracing Electron Dynamics -- 1.2 Solids in Strong Fields -- 1.3 Attosecond Physics in Isolated Nanosystems -- 1.4 Attosecond Physics on Nanostructured Surfaces -- 1.5 Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 2 Nano-Antennae Assisted Emission of Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation -- 2.1 Introduction and Motivation -- 2.2 Experimental Idea -- 2.3 High-Order Harmonic Generation -- 2.3.1 Semi-Classical Model -- 2.3.2 Macroscopic Effects/Phase-Matching -- 2.3.3 Phase-Matching in the Case of Optical Antennas -- 2.3.4 Field Inhomogeneities -- 2.4 Plasmonics in Intense Laser Fields -- 2.5 Experiments -- 2.5.1 Historical Overview -- 2.5.2 Own Experiments -- 2.5.2.1 Experimental Set-Up -- 2.5.2.2 Experimental Results -- 2.5.2.3 Gas Density -- 2.5.2.4 Spectra -- 2.6 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 3 Ultrafast, Strong-Field Plasmonic Phenomena -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Ultrafast Photoemission and Electron Acceleration in Surface Plasmon Fields -- 3.2.1 Photoemission Mechanisms -- 3.2.1.1 Linear Photoemission -- 3.2.1.2 Nonlinear Photoemission and Photocurrents -- 3.2.1.3 Distinction of the Photoemission Regimes -- 3.2.1.4 Multiphoton-Induced Photoemission and Photocurrents -- 3.2.1.5 Above-Threshold Photoemission -- 3.2.1.6 Tunneling Photoemission and Currents -- 3.2.2 Particle Acceleration in Evanescent Surface Plasmon Fields -- 3.3 Research on Surface Plasmon-Enhanced Photoemission and Electron Acceleration -- 3.3.1 Photocurrent Enhancement -- 3.3.2 Strong-Field Photoemission in Plasmonic Fields -- 3.3.3 Electron Acceleration in Plasmonic Fields -- 3.3.4 Modeling and Discussion.

3.3.4.1 Modeling Tools -- 3.3.4.2 Electromagnetic Wave Dynamics of the Surface Plasmon Field -- 3.3.4.3 Electron Emission Channels and Currents Induced by the Plasmonic Fields -- 3.3.4.4 Particle Acceleration in the Evanescent Field -- 3.3.4.5 Model Results for High-Energy Electron Generation -- 3.3.5 Time-Resolved Studies of Ultrashort Surface Plasmon Wavepackets -- 3.3.5.1 Experiments -- 3.3.5.2 Autocorrelation Reconstruction Without Fitting Parameters -- 3.3.6 The Carrier-Envelope Phase in Nanoplasmonic Electron Acceleration -- 3.3.7 Non-ponderomotive Effects and Quiver Motion Quenching in Nano-Localized Fields -- 3.3.8 Nanoplasmonic Photoemission from Metal Nanoparticles -- 3.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 Ultrafast Dynamics in Extended Systems -- 4.1 Introduction-Why Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Extended Systems? -- 4.2 Multi-Photon Absorption in Extended Systems -- 4.2.1 General Evolution of an Extended System Exposed to an Intense Laser Pulse -- 4.2.2 A Unified Picture on Energy Absorption from Intense Light Fields -- 4.2.3 Hard and Soft Recollisions in Atomic Systems -- 4.2.4 Extended Systems and Optical Swingbys -- 4.2.5 Resonant Absorption by Electron Motion Out of Phase with the Light Field -- 4.3 Coulomb Complexes: A Simple Approach to Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in FEL-Irradiated Extended Systems -- 4.3.1 Photo-Activation -- 4.3.2 The Ionic Background Potential -- 4.3.3 Formation of the Electron Spectra -- 4.3.4 Scaling in the Dynamics of Coulomb Complexes -- 4.4 Nano-Plasma Transients on the Femtosecond Scale -- 4.4.1 Creating and Probing a Dense Non-equilibrium Nano-Plasma by Sub-femtosecond Pump-Probe Pulses -- 4.4.2 Ultrafast Collective Electron Dynamics in Composite Systems -- 4.5 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References.

Chapter 5 Light Wave Driven Electron Dynamics in Clusters -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Resolving Light-Matter Interactions on the Atomic-Scale -- 5.2.1 Theoretical Foundations of Classical Light-Matter Interaction -- 5.2.2 Molecular Dynamics -- 5.2.3 The Particle-in-Cell Method -- 5.2.4 The Microscopic Particle-in-Cell Method -- 5.3 Fundamentals of the Microscopic Particle-in-Cell Approach -- 5.3.1 Theoretical Background -- 5.3.2 Numerical Implementation -- 5.3.2.1 The Electromagnetic Solver -- 5.3.2.2 Gaussian-Shape Particles and Microscopic Force Correction -- 5.3.2.3 Linear Scaling with MicPIC -- 5.3.2.4 Typical Numerical Parameters -- 5.3.3 Link to Molecular Dynamics -- 5.3.4 Link to Continuum Models -- 5.4 Microscopic Analysis of Laser-Driven Nanoclusters -- 5.4.1 Nanoplasma Formation in a Small Rare-Gas Cluster -- 5.4.2 Cluster Dynamics in the Linear Response Regime -- 5.4.3 Linear Absorption and Scattering of Light -- 5.4.4 Competition of Bulk and Surface Effects with Radiation Damping in Resonant Clusters -- 5.4.5 Microscopic Analysis of Nonlinear Light Scattering -- 5.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 From Attosecond Control of Electrons at Nano-Objects to Laser-Driven Electron Accelerators -- 6.1 Attosecond Control of Electrons at Nanoscale Metal Tips -- 6.1.1 Multi-Photon Ionization -- 6.1.1.1 Coherent Effects -- 6.1.1.2 Light Shifts -- 6.1.2 Sub-Cycle Dynamics -- 6.1.2.1 Recollision and Rescattering -- 6.1.2.2 CEP Effects and Matter Wave Interference -- 6.1.2.3 Modeling of Strong-Field Physics at a Metal Tip - Instructively -- 6.1.2.4 Modeling of Strong-Field Physics at a Metal Tip - Microscopically -- 6.1.3 Optical Near-Field Sensor -- 6.1.4 A Sub-Laser-Cycle Duration Electron Source? -- 6.2 Experiments on Dielectric Nanospheres.

6.2.1 Modifications by Collective Excitations/Space Charge -- 6.2.2 CEP-Dependent Photoemission from SiO2 Nanospheres -- 6.2.3 Theoretical Modeling of the Photoemission/Acceleration Process -- 6.3 The Influence of the Spatial Field Distribution on Photoelectron Spectra -- 6.3.1 Transition from Dipolar to Multipolar Response -- 6.3.1.1 Mie Solution for Nanospheres -- 6.3.2 Angular Resolved Photoemission from SiO2 Nanospheres -- 6.4 Time Resolved Pump-Probe Schemes -- 6.4.1 The Attosecond Streak Camera -- 6.4.2 Attosecond Streaking from Nanostructures -- 6.4.3 The Regimes of Near-Field Streaking -- 6.4.4 Simulated Streaking Spectrograms for Au Spheres -- 6.5 Electron Acceleration with Laser Light at Dielectric Nano-Gratings -- 6.5.1 Near-Field Mode Acceleration -- 6.5.2 Proof-of-Concept Data -- 6.5.3 Outlook on Future Acceleration Mechanisms -- References -- Chapter 7 Theory of Solids in Strong Ultrashort Laser Fields -- 7.1 Interaction of Ultrafast Laser Pulse with Solids: Coherent and Incoherent Electron Dynamics -- 7.2 One Dimensional Tight Binding Model -- 7.2.1 Single-Band Approximation -- 7.2.1.1 Exact Solution -- 7.2.1.2 Wannier-Stark Levels -- 7.2.2 Multi-Band Approximation -- 7.2.3 Description of Electron Dynamics in Terms of the Wannier-Stark States -- 7.2.3.1 Wannier-Stark States of Two-Band System -- 7.2.3.2 Adiabatic and Diabatic Electron Dynamics -- 7.2.4 Results of Numerical Calculations -- 7.2.4.1 Electron Dynamics and Breakdown of Dielectric -- 7.2.4.2 Enhancement of the Dielectric Response of a Solid in a Strong Laser Pulse -- 7.2.4.3 Electrical Current and Charge Transfer -- 7.3 3D Model of Electron Dynamics -- References -- Chapter 8 Controlling and Tracking Electric Currents with Light -- 8.1 Introduction.

8.2 Electric Field Control of Currents: From the Vacuum Tube to the Transistor -- 8.3 Generating Electric Currents with Light: An Ultrabroad-Bandwidth Control Tool -- 8.4 Optical Field Control of Electric Current in Large Bandgap Materials -- 8.5 Attosecond Probing of the Strong-Field-Induced Changes of the Dielectric Electronic Properties -- 8.6 Detection of the Carrier-Envelope Phase Using Optical-Field-Induced Currents -- 8.7 Toward Ultrafast Photoactive Logic Circuits? -- References -- Chapter 9 Ultrafast Nano-Focusing for Imaging and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Light -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Adiabatic Nanofocusing -- 9.2.1 Introduction -- 9.2.2 Results -- 9.2.2.1 Experimental Demonstration of Adiabatic Nanofocusing on a Tip -- 9.2.2.2 Nano-Spectroscopic Imaging -- 9.2.2.3 Femtosecond Optical Control -- 9.2.3 Quantum Coherent Control of a Single Emitter -- 9.3 Nanometer-Sized Localized Electron Sources -- 9.3.1 Introduction -- 9.3.2 Processes in Localized Photoemission at Metal Nanotips -- 9.3.3 Near-Field Imaging Based on Localized Multiphoton Photoemission -- 9.3.4 Transition to the Strong-Field Regime -- 9.3.5 Localization Effects in the Strong-Field Regime -- 9.3.6 Angle-Resolved Photoemission -- 9.4 Summary and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10 Imaging Localized Surface Plasmons by Femtosecond to Attosecond Time-Resolved Photoelectron Emission Microscopy - "ATTO-PEEM" -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Time-Resolved Multiphoton PEEM with Femtosecond Time Resolution -- 10.2.1 Observation of Surface Plasmon Enhanced "Hot Spot" Photoemission in fs-PEEM -- 10.2.2 Interferometric Time-Resolved fs-PEEM -- 10.2.3 Adaptive Sub-wavelength Control of Nanooptical Fields -- 10.2.4 Coherent Two-Dimensional Nanoscopy -- 10.3 The "ATTO-PEEM".

10.3.1 Theoretical Description of the Attosecond Nanoplasmonic Field Microscope.