Front Matter -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background and Problem Statement -- 3 Legal and Political Contexts for Including Students with Special Needs in Assessment Programs -- 4 State Policies on Including, Accommodating, and Reporting Results for Students with Special Needs -- 5 Policies and Experiences in Two States -- 6 Effects of Accommodations on Test Performance -- 7 Summing Up: Synthesis of Issues and Directions for Future Study -- References -- Appendix A Workshop Agenda -- Appendix B Workshop Participants.