HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- ABBREVIATIONS -- SECTION 1 NORMAL FUNCTIONAL HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN -- 1 COMPOSITION -- 1.1 Proteome -- Apolipoproteins -- Apolipoprotein A-I -- ApoA-II -- ApoA-IV -- ApoA-V -- ApoC-I, ApoC-II, ApoC-III, ApoC-IV -- ApoD -- ApoE -- ApoF -- ApoH -- ApoJ -- ApoL-I -- ApoM -- Other Apolipoproteins -- Enzymes -- LCAT -- PON1 and PON3 -- PAF-AH (LpPLA2) -- GSPx-3 -- Lipid Transfer Proteins -- PLTP -- CETP -- Acute-Phase Response Proteins -- Serum Amyloid A -- Other Proteins -- Complement Components -- Proteinase Inhibitors and Related Proteins -- Other Protein Components -- 1.2 Lipidome -- Phospholipids -- Steroids -- Cholesteryl Esters -- Triglycerides -- Minor Lipids -- 2 HETEROGENEITY -- 2.1 Heterogeneity in Physicochemical Properties -- Heterogeneity in Density -- Heterogeneity in Electrophoretic Mobility -- Heterogeneity in Size -- 2.2 Heterogeneity in Chemical Composition -- Heterogeneity in Proteins -- Heterogeneity in Lipids -- 2.3 Relationships Between HDL Subfractions Separated by Different Methods -- 3 STRUCTURE -- 3.1 Lipid-Free ApoA-I -- 3.2 Discoid HDL -- 3.3 Spherical HDL -- 4 METABOLISM -- 4.1 Formation and Intravascular Remodeling -- ABC Transporters -- ABCA1 -- ABCG1 -- Enzymes -- LCAT -- Lipases -- Lipid Transfer Proteins -- CETP -- PLTP -- Receptors -- SR-BI -- 4.2 Catabolism -- 5 EPIDEMIOLOGY -- 5.1 Epidemiology of HDL-C -- HDL-C and Cardiovascular Risk -- Relevance Across Multiple Populations and Disease States -- HDL-C and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors -- Prevalence of Low HDL-C -- HDL-C and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients Receiving Statins -- HDL-C and Other Major Diseases -- 5.2 Epidemiology of HDL-Associated Proteins and Enzymes -- ApoA-I -- Other Apolipoproteins -- SAA -- PON1 -- PAF-AH -- Other Enzymes -- Lipid Transfer Proteins.

5.3 Epidemiology of HDL Particle Subpopulations -- Separated by Density -- Separated by Electrophoretic Mobility -- Separated by Composition -- Separated by Size -- 6 GENETICS -- 6.1 ABC Transporters and Other Receptors -- ABCA1 -- SR-BI -- LDL Receptor -- 6.2 Apolipoproteins -- ApoA-I -- ApoA-V -- ApoC-III -- ApoE -- 6.3 Enzymes -- LCAT -- PON1 -- LPL -- Hepatic Lipase -- Endothelial Lipase -- 6.4 Lipid Transfer Proteins -- CETP -- 6.5 Other Genes -- 6.6 Gene Interactions -- 7 BIOLOGIC ACTIVITIES -- 7.1 Cholesterol Efflux Capacity -- Mechanisms of Cellular Cholesterol Efflux -- ABCA1-Mediated Efflux -- ABCG1-Mediated Efflux -- SR-BI-Mediated Efflux -- Other Pathways -- Role of HDL Components -- Proteins -- Lipids -- Functional Heterogeneity of HDL -- 7.2 Antioxidative Activity -- Mechanisms of Protection Against Oxidative Stress -- Role of HDL Components -- Apolipoproteins -- Enzymes -- Lipids -- Functional Heterogeneity of HDL -- 7.3 Anti-Inflammatory Activity -- Mechanisms of Anti-Inflammatory Protection -- Role of HDL Components -- Proteome -- Lipidome -- Functional Heterogeneity of HDL -- 7.4 Cytoprotective Activity -- Mechanisms of Cytoprotection -- Role of HDL Components -- Proteome -- Lipidome -- Functional Heterogeneity of HDL -- 7.5 Anti-Infectious Activity -- Mechanisms of Protection from Infection -- Role of HDL Components -- Proteome -- Lipids -- Functional Heterogeneity of HDL -- 7.6 Vasodilatory Activity -- Mechanisms of Vasodilatory Activity -- Role of HDL Components -- Proteins -- Lipids -- Functional Heterogeneity of HDL -- 7.7 Antithrombotic Activity -- Mechanisms of Antithrombotic Effects -- Role of HDL Components -- Functional Heterogeneity of HDL -- 7.8 Antidiabetic Activity -- SECTION 2 FUNCTIONALLY DEFECTIVE HDL -- 8 ALTERED COMPOSITION -- 8.1 Proteome -- 8.2 Lipidome -- 8.3 Enzymatic Activities -- 9 ABNORMAL METABOLISM.

9.1 Dyslipidemias -- 9.2 Insulin-Resistant States -- 9.3 Inflammatory States -- 9.4 Infectious Diseases -- 9.5 Cardiovascular Disease -- 9.6 Post-Prandial State -- 9.7 Smoking -- 10 IMPAIRED BIOLOGIC ACTIVITIES -- 10.1 Cholesterol Efflux Capacity -- Dyslipidemia -- Role of HDL Components -- Insulin Resistance -- Role of HDL Components -- Inflammation -- Cardiovascular Disease -- Pathophysiologic Relevance -- 10.2 Antioxidative Activity -- Dyslipidemia -- Role of HDL Components -- Insulin Resistance -- Role of HDL Components -- Inflammation -- Infection -- Cardiovascular Disease -- Pathophysiologic Relevance -- 10.3 Anti-Inflammatory Activity -- Dyslipidemia -- Insulin Resistance -- Inflammation -- Cardiovascular Disease -- Pathophysiologic Relevance -- 10.4 Cytoprotective Activity -- 10.5 Vasodilatory Activity -- 10.6 Anti-Infectious Activity -- 10.7 Antithrombotic Activity -- SECTION 3 THERAPEUTIC NORMALIZATION OF SUBNORMAL LEVELS AND DEFECTIVE BIOLOGIC ACTIVITIES OF HDL -- 11 ENHANCEMENT OF HDL FORMATION AND NORMALIZATION OF INTRAVASCULAR HDL REMODELING -- 11.1 Apolipoproteins -- 11.2 Reconstituted HDL -- Effects on HDL Levels and Metabolism -- Effects on HDL Functionality -- Role of HDL Components -- 11.3 Apolipoprotein-Mimetic Peptides -- Effects on HDL Levels and Metabolism -- Effects on HDL Functionality -- 11.4 Statins -- Effects on HDL Levels and Metabolism -- Effects on HDL Functionality -- Clinical Trials -- 11.5 PPAR Alpha Agonists -- Effects on HDL Levels -- Mechanisms of Action -- Effects on HDL Functionality -- Clinical Trials -- 11.6 Nicotinic Acid -- Mechanisms of Action -- Clinical Trials -- Effects on HDL Functionality -- Adverse Effects -- 11.7 CETP Inhibitors -- Torcetrapib -- Dalcetrapib -- Anacetrapib -- Effects on RCT -- Clinical Trials -- Effects on HDL Functionality -- 11.8 Other Agents -- LXR Agonists -- PPAR Gamma Agonists.

Lipase Inhibitors -- sPLA2 Inhibitors -- Endothelial Lipase Inhibitors -- LpPLA2 Inhibitors -- SR-BI Inhibitors -- Others -- 12 COMBINATION THERAPIES -- 12.1 Niacin and Statins -- 12.2 Fibrates and Statins -- 12.3 Other Combinations -- 13 OTHER PHARMACOLOGIC APPROACHES -- 13.1 Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor Antagonists -- 13.2 Estrogens -- 13.3 Others -- 14 LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS -- 14.1 Exercise -- 14.2 Alcohol -- 14.3 Nutritional Factors -- Dietary Fats -- Cholesterol -- Phospholipids -- Saturated Fatty Acids -- Monounsaturated Fatty Acids -- PUFAs -- Carbohydrates -- Proteins -- Minor Dietary Components -- Polyphenols -- Vitamins -- Other Minor Components -- CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES -- INDEX.