MODULATION AND CODING TECHNIQUES IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS -- Contents -- About the Editors -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- 1 Channel Models and Reliable Communication -- 1.1 Principles of Reliable Communication -- 1.2 AWGN -- 1.2.1 Baseband Representation of AWGN -- 1.2.2 From Sample SNR to Eb/N0 -- 1.3 Fading Processes in Wireless Communication Channels -- 1.3.1 Large-Scale Fading (Path Loss) -- 1.3.2 Medium-Scale Fading (Shadowing) -- 1.3.3 Small-Scale Fading (Multipath Propagation) -- 1.4 Modelling Frequency-Nonselective Fading -- 1.4.1 Rayleigh and Rice Distributions -- 1.4.2 Maximum Doppler Frequency Shift -- 1.4.3 Wide-Sense Stationary Stochastic Processes -- 1.4.4 Rayleigh and Rice Models for Frequency-Nonselective Fading -- 1.4.5 SNR in Rayleigh Fading Channels -- 1.5 WSSUS Models for Frequency-Selective Fading -- 1.5.1 Basic Principles -- 1.5.2 Definitions -- References -- 2 Modulation -- 2.1 Basic Principles of Bandpass Modulation -- 2.1.1 The Complex Representation of a Bandpass Signal -- 2.1.2 Representation of Signal with Basis Functions -- 2.1.3 Pulse Shaping -- 2.1.4 Matched Filter -- 2.2 PSK -- 2.2.1 BPSK -- 2.2.2 QPSK -- 2.2.3 M-PSK -- 2.2.4 DPSK -- 2.2.5 OQPSK -- 2.2.6 /4-QPSK -- 2.3 MSK -- 2.3.1 GMSK -- 2.4 QAM -- 2.5 OFDM -- References -- 3 Block Codes -- 3.1 Main Definitions -- 3.2 Algebraic Structures -- 3.3 Linear Block Codes -- 3.4 Cyclic Codes -- 3.5 Bounds on Minimum Distance -- 3.6 Minimum Distance Decoding -- 3.7 Information Set Decoding -- 3.8 Hamming Codes -- 3.9 Reed-Solomon Codes -- 3.10 BCH Codes -- 3.11 Decoding of BCH Codes -- 3.12 Sudan Algorithm and Its Extensions -- 3.13 LDPC Codes -- 3.13.1 LDPC Constructions -- 3.13.2 Decoding of LDPC Codes -- References -- 4 Convolutional Codes and Turbo-Codes -- 4.1 Convolutional Codes Representation and Encoding.

4.2 Viterbi Decoding Algorithm -- 4.2.1 Hard Decision Viterbi Algorithm -- 4.2.2 Soft Decision Viterbi Algorithm -- 4.3 List Decoding -- 4.4 Upper Bound on Bit Error Probability for Viterbi Decoding -- 4.5 Sequential Decoding -- 4.5.1 Stack Algorithm -- 4.5.2 Fano Algorithm -- 4.6 Parallel-Concatenated Convolutional Codes and Soft Input Soft Output Decoding -- 4.7 SISO Decoding Algorithms -- 4.7.1 MAP Algorithm and Its Variants -- 4.7.2 Soft-In/Soft-Out Viterbi Algorithm (SOVA) -- References -- 4.A Modified Chernoff Bound and Some Applications -- References -- 5 Equalization -- 5.1 Equalization with Filtering -- 5.1.1 Zero-Forcing Equalization -- 5.1.2 MMSE Equalization -- 5.1.3 DFE -- 5.2 Equalization Based on Sequence Estimation -- 5.2.1 MLSE Equalization -- 5.2.2 Sphere Detection -- 5.3 RAKE Receiver -- 5.4 Turbo Equalization -- 5.5 Performance Comparison -- References -- 6 ARQ -- 6.1 Basic ARQ Schemes -- 6.1.1 Basic Concepts -- 6.1.2 Stop-and-Wait ARQ -- 6.1.3 ARQ with N Steps Back (Go Back N, GBN) -- 6.1.4 ARQ with Selective Repeat (SR) -- 6.2 Hybrid ARQ -- 6.2.1 Type-I Hybrid ARQ (Chase Combining) -- 6.2.2 Type-II Hybrid ARQ (Full IR) -- 6.2.3 Type-III Hybrid ARQ (Partial IR) -- References -- 7 Coded Modulation -- 7.1 Principle of Coded Modulation -- 7.1.1 Illustrative Example -- 7.2 Modulation Mapping by Signal Set Partitioning -- 7.3 Ungerboeck Codes -- 7.4 Performance Estimation of TCM System -- 7.4.1 Squared Distance Structure of PSK and QAM Constellations -- 7.4.2 Upper Bound on Error Event Probability and Bit Error Probability for TCM -- References -- 8 MIMO -- 8.1 MIMO Channel Model -- 8.1.1 Fading in Narrowband Channels -- 8.1.2 Fading Countermeasures: Diversity -- 8.1.3 MIMO Channel model -- 8.2 Space-Time Coding -- 8.2.1 Maximum Ratio Combining -- 8.2.2 Definition of Space-Time Codes.

8.2.3 Space-Time Codes with Two Transmitting Antennas -- 8.2.4 Construction Criteria for Space-Time Codes -- 8.3 Orthogonal Designs -- 8.3.1 Real Orthogonal Designs -- 8.3.2 Complex Orthogonal Designs -- 8.3.3 Decoding of Space-Time Codes -- 8.3.4 Error Probability for Orthogonal Space-Time Codes -- 8.4 Space-Time Trellis Codes -- 8.4.1 Space-Time Trellis Codes -- 8.4.2 Space-Time Turbo Trellis Codes -- 8.5 Differential Space-Time Codes -- 8.6 Spatial Multiplexing -- 8.6.1 General Concepts -- 8.6.2 V-BLAST -- 8.6.3 D-BLAST -- 8.6.4 Turbo-BLAST -- 8.7 Beamforming -- References -- 9 Multiple Access Methods -- 9.1 Frequency Division Multiple Access -- 9.1.1 Spectral Reuse -- 9.1.2 OFDMA -- 9.1.3 SC-FDMA -- 9.1.4 WDMA -- 9.2 Time Division Multiple Access -- 9.3 Code Division Multiple Access -- 9.3.1 Direct-Sequence CDMA -- 9.3.2 Frequency-Hopping CDMA -- 9.4 Advanced MA Methods -- 9.4.1 Multicarrier CDMA -- 9.4.2 Random OFDMA -- 9.4.3 DHA-FH-CDMA -- 9.5 Random Access Multiple Access Methods -- 9.6 Conclusions -- References -- 10 Standardization in IEEE 802.11, 802.16 -- 10.1 IEEE Overview -- 10.2 Standard Development Process -- 10.3 IEEE 802.11 Working Group -- 10.4 IEEE 802.16 Working Group -- 10.5 IEEE 802.11 -- 10.5.1 Overview and Scope -- 10.5.2 Frequency Plan -- 10.5.3 Reference Model -- 10.5.4 Architecture -- 10.5.5 802.11a -- 10.5.6 802.11b -- 10.5.7 802.11g -- 10.5.8 802.11n -- 10.5.9 Future Developments -- 10.6 IEEE 802.16x -- 10.6.1 Key PHY Features of the IEEE 802.16e -- 10.6.2 IEEE 802.16m -- References -- 11 Standardization in 3GPP -- 11.1 Standardization Process and Organization -- 11.1.1 General -- 11.1.2 Organization of 3GPP -- 11.1.3 Organization of TSG RAN -- 11.1.4 Standardization Process -- 11.1.5 3GPP Releases -- 11.1.6 Frequency Bands and 3GPP Releases -- 11.1.7 RAN Specifications -- 11.2 3G WCDMA.

11.2.1 WCDMA Concept Logical, Transport and Physical Channels -- 11.2.2 Logical and Transport Channels -- 11.2.3 Physical Channels -- 11.2.4 Coding, Spreading and Modulation -- 11.2.5 Cell Search -- 11.2.6 Power Control Procedures -- 11.2.7 Handover Procedures -- 11.2.8 Transmit Diversity -- 11.3 3.5G HSDPA/HSUPA -- 11.3.1 HSDPA -- 11.3.2 HSUPA -- 11.3.3 CPC -- 11.4 4G LTE -- 11.4.1 LTE Downlink -- 11.4.2 LTE Uplink -- References -- 12 CDMA2000 and Its Evolution -- 12.1 Development of 3G CDMA2000 Standard -- 12.1.1 IS-95 Family of Standards (cdmaOne) -- 12.1.2 IS-2000 Family of Standards -- 12.2 Reverse Channel of Physical Layer in CDMA2000 Standard -- 12.2.1 Reverse Channel Structure -- 12.2.2 Forward Error Correction (FEC) -- 12.2.3 Codeword Symbols Repetition -- 12.2.4 Puncturing -- 12.2.5 Block Interleaving -- 12.2.6 Orthogonal Modulation and Orthogonal Spreading -- 12.2.7 Direct Sequence Spreading and Quadrature Spreading -- 12.2.8 Frame Quality Indicator -- 12.3 Forward Channel of Physical Layer in CDMA2000 Standard -- 12.3.1 Forward Channel Structure -- 12.3.2 Forward Error Correction -- 12.3.3 Codeword Symbols Repetition -- 12.3.4 Puncturing -- 12.3.5 Block Interleaving -- 12.3.6 Sequence Repetition -- 12.3.7 Data Scrambling -- 12.3.8 Orthogonal and Quasi-Orthogonal Spreading -- 12.3.9 Quadrature Spreading -- 12.3.10 Frame Quality Indicator -- 12.4 Architecture Model of CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Standard -- 12.4.1 Structure of Physical Layer Packet -- 12.4.2 FCS Computation -- 12.5 Access Terminal of the CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Standard -- 12.5.1 Power Control -- 12.5.2 Reverse Channel Structure -- 12.5.3 Modulation Parameters and Transmission Rates -- 12.5.4 Access Channel -- 12.5.5 Reverse Traffic Channel -- 12.5.6 Encoding -- 12.5.7 Channel Interleaving and Repetition -- 12.5.8 Quadrature Spreading -- 12.6 Access Network of the CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Standard.

12.6.1 Forward Channel Structure -- 12.6.2 Modulation Parameters and Transmission Rates -- 12.6.3 Pilot Channel -- 12.6.4 Forward MAC Channel -- 12.6.5 Control Channel -- 12.6.6 Forward Traffic Channel -- 12.6.7 Time-Division Multiplexing -- 12.6.8 Quadrature Spreading -- References -- Index.