Common clinical laboratory hazards and waste disposal -- Blood collection and preservation -- Quality Control in laboratory -- Automation in clinical laboratory -- Photometry-Colorimeter and Spectrophotometer -- Preparation of general laboratory solutions and buffers -- Examination of urine for normal constituents -- To perform qualitative tests for urinary proteins -- To determine the quantity of proteins in urine sample using Biuret reaction -- To estimate the amount of total protein and albumin in serum and to find A/G ratio -- To perform qualitative test for reducing substances in urine -- Quantitative analysis of reducing sugars in urine -- Estimation of blood glucose levels by Glucose Oxidase method -- Estimation of blood glucose levels by Folin and Wu method -- To perform Glucose Tolerance Test -- Estimation of urea in serum and urine -- To determine urea clearance -- To estimate creatinine level in serum and urine by Jaffe’s reaction -- To determine creatinine clearance -- To determine the uric acid concentration in serum and urine -- Estimation of total calcium in serum and urine -- Estimation of inorganic phosphorus in serum and urine -- To estimate the amount of total cholesterol in serum -- To estimate total and direct bilirubin in serum -- To determine Alanine and  Aspartate Transaminases activity in serum -- To estimate the activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum -- To estimate the activity of acid phosphatase in serum -- To determine serum and urinary amylase activity -- To estimate the activity of lipase in serum -- Qualitative analysis of ketone bodies in urine -- Qualitative test for bile pigments and urobilinogen in urine -- Determination of total lactate dehydrogenase activity in serum -- To measure the activity of Creatine kinase-MB and Total Creatine kinase in serum -- Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid for proteins and sugars -- To analyze lipid profile from given serum sample -- To determine sodium and potassium in serum by using Flame photometry -- To perform Radioimmunoassay -- To perform Enzyme linked Immunosorbant assay -- Some important case studies.