NEW TRENDS IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS RESEARCH -- NEW TRENDS IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS RESEARCH -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- UNDERSTANDING NANOSCALE PHENOMENA USING SINGLE PARTICLE MASS SPECTROMETRY AND IMPROVEMENT OF ITS PERFORMANCE: A REVIEW -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SINGLE PARTICLE MASS SPECTROMETRY (SPMS) -- 2.1. Working Principle of the Spms -- 2.3. Determination of Chemical Composition of a Particle Using Spms -- 2.4. Size Estimation of a Particle Size from its Mass Spectrum -- 2.5. Transport Losses of Energetic Ions -- 2.6. Nanosecond Laser-Induced Energetic Ion Formation -- 3. APPLICATIONS OF SINGLE PARTICLE MASS SPECTROMETRY -- 3.1. Kinetic Measurement of Aerosol-Phase Spray Pyrolysis Reaction -- Spray Pyrolysis Reaction -- Measurement of Kinetic Data of the Spray Pyrolysis Reaction -- Change in Reaction Kinetics with Decreasing Initial Sample Mass -- 3.2. Size-Resolved Kinetic Measurement of Aluminum Nanoparticle Oxidation -- Kinetic Measurement of Aluminum Nanoparticle Oxidation -- A Mechanism of Aluminum Nanoparticle Oxidation -- 3.3. Characterization of Metal-Containing Diesel-Emitted Particles -- Classification of Particles and Size Distributions for their Classes -- Mechanism of Particle Formation -- 4. DEVELOPMENT OF SINGLE PARTICLE MASS SPECTROMETRY -- 4.1. Design of a New Ion Optics -- Trial 1: Curved Repelling Plate -- Trial 2: Einzel Lens -- Trial 3: A Tubular Electrode and the Final Design -- 4.2. Design of an Aerodynamic Lens -- Analysis of Single Aerodynamic Lens -- Analysis of Multi-Lens System -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- DIELECTRIC RESPONSE OF POLAR SOLVENT AT AN ELECTRODE- ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SEGREGATION OF THE INTERFACIAL POLAR SOLVENT MOLECULES -- 3. DIELECTRIC RELAXATION -- 4. FIELD DEPENDENT DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR AT THE INTERFACE -- 5. CONCLUSION.

REFERENCES -- AN OPEN FIELD: QUANTUM DYNAMICS IN BASE PAIR DNA SYSTEMS -- REFERENCES -- ADVANCED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY FOR COUNTERACTING PREMATURE WEAR FAILURE OF BIOMEDICAL POLYETHYLENE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ON POLYETHYLENE IN THA -- NEED FOR RAMAN ANALYSIS OF POLYETHYLENE LINERS -- EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- GROUND STATE ISOMERISM AND DUAL FLUORESCENCE OF 2-METHYLHARMINE ANHYDRONIUM BASE (7-METHOXY-1, 2-DIMETHYL-2H-PYRIDO[3,4-B]INDOLE) IN 2-METHYLBUTANE AND OTHER APROTIC SOLVENTS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHEMICAL-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BIOPROTECTANT-BIOMOLECULE SYSTEMS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL SECTION -- RESULTS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHEMICAL PHYSICS OF PHONONS AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY: AN HEURISTIC APPROACH -- ABSTRACT -- I. SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND THE GAS LAWS -- II. SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND THE ELECTRON-PHONON COUPLING PARAMETER, Λ -- III. SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND THE MORSE POTENTIAL AND BADGER'S RULE -- REFERENCES -- A REVIEW PAPER ON ERUCAMIDE: ITS SYNTHESIS, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Erucamide -- 1.1.2. Principle of Action of Erucamide -- 1.1.3. Mechanism of Action -- 1.2. Chemical Methods for Synthesizing Fatty Amides -- 1.2.1. Dehydration of Ammonium Salts -- 1.2.2. Ammonolysis of Ester -- 1.2.3. Ammonolysis of Acid Chloride -- 1.2.4. Ammnolysis of Acid Anhydrides -- 1.2.5. Inter Charge Reactions -- 1.2.6. Addition of Water to Nitriles -- 1.3. Properties of Fatty Amides -- 1.3.1. Physical Properties -- 1.3.1.1. Hydrogen Bonding -- 1.3.1.2. Melting and Freezing Point Behaviour -- 1.3.1.3. Solubilities -- 1.3.2. Chemical Properties -- 1.3.2.1. Hydrolysis.

1.3.2.2. Alcoholysis and Ester-Ester Interchange Reactions -- 1.3.2.3. Salt Formation with Mineral Acids -- 1.3.2.4. Reaction with Nitrous Acid -- 1.3.2.5. Dehydration to Nitriles -- 1.3.2.6. Hofmann Degradation Reaction -- 1.3.2.7. Reduction to Primary and Secondary Amines -- 1.3.2.8. Reaction with Formaldehyde -- 1.3.2.9. Ethhoxylation with Ethylene Oxide -- 1.3.2.10. Acylation -- 1.3.2.11. Alkylation: Conversion to Hydroxamic Acids -- 1.3.2.12. N-Halogenation -- 1.3.2.13. Formation of Alkali Metal Derivatives -- 1.3.2.14. Sulfonation -- 1.3.2.15. Nitration -- 1.3.2.16. Reaction with the Grignard Reagent -- 1.4. General Characteristics of Erucamide -- 1.4.1. Estimated Mechanism for Developing Lubricity -- 1.4.2. Amounts of Erucamide Added and Amounts of Amide on LDPE -- 1.4.3. Melting Point Behaviour of Erucamide -- 1.4.4. Effect of Film Thickness on Coefficient of Friction -- 1.5. Comparison between Erucamide, Oleamide and Stearamide -- 1.6. Applications -- 1.6.1. Polymer Industry -- 1.6.2. Paint Industry -- 1.6.3. Textile and Surfactant Industries -- 1.6.4. Other Applications -- 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE -- 2.1. Compositions -- 2.2. Synthesis -- 2.3. Properties -- 2.4. Applications -- 2.5. Analysis -- REFERENCES -- COMPUTER MOLECULAR MODELLING WITH EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES, OF PYROLYSIS CHEMISTRY OF LOW-RANK COALS CONTAINING INORGANIC COMPLEXES AND CATALYTIC STEAM GASIFICATION -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODS -- 2.1. Pyrolysis -- 2.2. Gasification -- 2.3. Analytical Procedures -- 2.4. Semi-Empirical and DFT Computations -- 3. DEVELOPMENT OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURES -- 3.1. Molecular Model for Low-Rank Coals -- 3.2. Char Molecular Models -- 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4.1. Addition of Metal Species to Low-Rank Coals -- 4.2. Pyrolysis and Char Formation Chemistry.

4.2.1. Low-Temperature Pyrolysis, Loss of CO2, CO and H2O -- 4.2.2. Higher-Temperature Pyrolysis, CO and H2 Formation, and Catalytic Sites -- 4.2.3. Catalytic Steam Gasification -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- DOUBLE RARE-EARTH - BORON SUBMONOLAYER TO MULTILAYER ADSORBED FILMS AS A PROTOTYPE OF RARE-EARTH HEXABORIDE SURFACE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 3.1. Single Adsorbate Systems -- 3.1.1. La-Mo(110) and Gd-Mo(110) -- 3.1.2. B-Mo(110) -- 3.2. Double Adsorbate Systems -- 3.2.1. La-B-Mo(110) and Gd-B-Mo(110), B-La-Mo(110) and B-Gd-Mo(110) -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- OPTIMIZATION OF POLYMER SOLAR CELLS: AN APPROACH TO INCREASE THE OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. WORKING PRINCIPLES OF POLYMER-FULLERENE SOLAR CELLS -- 3. BASIC PROPERTIES OF FULLERENES -- 4. FULLERENES AS ELECTRON ACCEPTOR IN POLYMER SOLAR CELLS -- [60]PCBM -- [70]PCBM -- [84]PCBM -- Other Fullerene Derivatives -- 5. DESIGN OF FULLERENE DERIVATIVES FOR POLYMER SOLAR CELLS -- Theoretical Approach -- Geometric and Electronic Structure of [60]PCBM -- Tuning the LUMO Level of Fullerene Using Substituents on the Phenyl Ring of [60]PCBM -- Tuning the LUMO Level of Fullerene Changing the Atom Attached to the Cage -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- WOOD PYROLYSIS: INFLUENCE OF PYROLYSIS TEMPERATURE AND HEATING RATE ON CHARCOAL PROPERTIES AND PYROLYSIS PROCESS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- Wood Characterization -- Wood Pyrolysis -- Charcoal Combustion -- Combustion Apparent Activation Energy Calculations -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- NITRATION OF CELLULOSE AND PERFORMANCE OF CELLULOSE NITRATE BASED ADHESIVES FOR SELECTED SUBSTRATES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTALS -- Material -- Cotton Linters -- Methods -- Nitration of Cellulose.

Measurement of Average Molar Mass of Cellulose Nitrate and Estimation of Unperturbed Polymer Dimension -- Formulation of the Cellulose Nitrate Adhesives -- Measurement of Tack -- Measurement of Bonding Strength -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Effects of Composition of Mixed Acids on Degree of Nitration of Cellulose -- The Dependence of the Observed Degree of Nitration of Cellulose on Average Molar Mass -- Bonding Strengths of Cellulose Nitrate-Based Adhesives for Paper, Wood and Leather Substrates -- Effects of Various Factors on Bond Strength Produced by Cellulose Nitrate -- Tack of Cellulose Nitrate Based Adhesives for Paper, Wood and Leather Substrates -- Effects of Various Factors on Tack of Cellulose Nitrate Adhesives -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- PHONON DYNAMICS OF FE-BASED GLASSY ALLOYS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THEORETICAL METHODOLOGY -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- VIBRATIONAL DYNAMICS OF ZR-BASED BULK METALLIC GLASSES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THEORETICAL METHODOLOGY -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- WAY FROM PHYSICAL NONEQUILIBRIUM TO BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. PREBIOTIC ORGANIC MICROSYSTEMS -- 2. PREBIOTIC MICROSYSTEMS AT THE UNSTABLE BIFURCATE STATE -- 3. BISTATE (PULSING) PREBIOTIC MICROSYSTEMS -- 4. EMERGENCE OF LIVING PROBIONTS AND THEIR COMMUNITIES -- 5. BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION FROM PROBIONTS TO PROGENOTES -- 6. BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION FROM PROGENOTES TO PROKARYOTES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- THE STRUCTURE OF PHOSPHATE, ALKALI PHOSPHATE, BORATE AND ALKALI BORATE GLASSES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE STRUCTURE OF PHOSPHATE AND ALKALI PHOSPHATE GLASSES -- BORATE AND ALKALI BORATE GLASSES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CORRELATIONS BETWEEN ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES AND FLASH POINT WITH METHANOL CONTENT IN BIODIESEL -- ABSTRACT.

INTRODUCTION.