Cover -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Contributors -- Part I: Socio-economic aspects of gas pollution and gas recovery -- Section IA: Gas: pollutant or resource? -- 1. Introduction on air pollution: the emission-effect relation -- 1.1. Introduction: What is air pollution? -- 1.2. Overview of the emission effect relations -- 1.3. Emissions -- 1.4. Formation of aerosols -- 1.5. Lifetimes of pollutants -- 1.6. Ambient concentration of pollutants -- 1.7. Conclusion -- References -- 2. Transboundary particulate matter pollution in Europe -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. European aerosol patterns and trends -- 2.3. Air pollution observation: existing networks -- 2.4. Modelling ambient PM transport -- 2.5. Conclusions -- References -- 3. Abatement strategies for air pollution -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Origin and fate of emissions -- 3.3. Abatement strategies -- 3.4. Outlook -- References -- Section IB: Pollution control policy -- 4. Dealing with waste gas in enhancing sustainable development: the role of the Kyoto mechanisms -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Defining sustainable development -- 4.3. Waste gas recovery under the CDM -- 4.4. Kyoto-based case studies of waste gas capture projects -- 4.5. Conclusions -- References -- 5. Implementation of the European Solvent Directive (1999/13/EC) -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2 Information exchange platform as a part of the implementation of the EU Solvent Directive -- 5.3 Decision support through mass and energy flow management in the sector of vehicle refinishing -- 5.4. Further use of mass and energy flow models -- 5.5. Conclusion -- References -- 6. Integration of biological techniques for air pollution control into sustainable development -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. VOC control, the case for avoiding unnecessary CO2 emissions -- 6.3. High-rate biotrickling filters for H2S control.

6.4. Concluding remarks -- References -- Part II: Characterization of waste gases -- Section IIA: Waste gases analysis -- 7. Characterization of pollutants in gases -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Characterizing atmospheric pollutants -- 7.3. Monitoring and analysis -- 7.4. Effects -- 7.5. Conclusions -- References -- 8. Isotope characterization of gaseous pollutants -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Isotope abundance variations -- 8.3. Isotope mass balance -- 8.4. Conclusion -- References -- 9. Use of NMR to study in situ bioconversion of gaseous formaldehyde -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. In situ NMR study of bioconversion of gaseous compounds -- 9.3. NMR study of formaldehyde bioconversion -- 9.4. Conclusion -- References -- Section IIB: Waste gases characteristics -- 10. Heavy metal release in waste incineration processes -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Thermodynamic study -- 10.3. Characterisation of ultimate residues -- 10.4. Kinetics of HM vaporisation -- 10.5. Conclusion -- References -- 11. Functional interpretation of gas composition -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Sources of volatile organic compounds -- 11.3. Analysis of NMVOCs -- 11.4. NMVOC emission rates -- 11.5. Differentiating processes using the NMVOC profile -- 11.6. Conclusion -- References -- 12. Biomarkers of air pollution -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. The ideal biomarker -- 12.3. Diversity of pollutants and biomarkers -- 12.4. Exposure biomarkers -- 12.5. Biomarkers of effects -- 12.6. Biomarkers of susceptibility -- 12.7. Conclusion -- References -- Part III: Bioreactors for waste gas cleaning -- Section IIIA: Physical-chemical techniques -- 13. Gas purification by heterogeneous photocatalysis -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Gas-phase photocatalytic degradation of pollutants -- 13.3. Potential applications -- References -- 14. Removal of airborne particulate matter -- 14.1. Introduction.

14.2. Definition - particulate pollutant sources and impacts -- 14.3. Measurement of particle size distribution and concentration -- 14.4. Airborne particle transport - theoretical approaches -- 14.5. Airborne particle treatment systems -- 14.6. Examples of industrial applications -- 14.7. Conclusion -- References -- Section IIIB: Biological techniques -- 15. Bioprocess engineering aspects of biological waste gas treatments -- 15.1. Introduction -- 15.2. Waste gas treatment processes -- 15.3. Biofilters -- 15.4. Biotrickling filters -- 15.5. Bioscrubbers -- 15.6. Conclusions -- References -- 16. Fungal and dechlorinating biocatalysts in waste gas treatment -- 16.1. Introduction -- 16.2. Fungal activities used in gas-phase bioreactors -- 16.3. Dechlorinating biocatalysts -- 16.4. Other biocatalytic activities recently studied in gas-phase bioreactors -- 16.5. Conclusions -- References -- Part IV: Technologies for resource recovery -- Section IVA: Physical methods -- 17. Wet scrubbing for the removal of NH3 from waste gases -- 17.1. Introduction -- 17.2. Choice of solvents for absorption -- 17.3. Fundamentals of mass transfer -- 17.4. Wet scrubbing technologies -- 17.5. Design of packed and spray columns -- 17.6. Examples of design -- 17.7. Conclusions -- References -- 18. CO2 capture in energy production -- 18.1. Introduction -- 18.2. Absorption -- 18.3. Adsorption -- 18.4. Cryogenic distillation -- 18.5. Membrane separations -- 18.6. CO2 precipitation -- 18.7. Summary of development status -- References -- 19. Use of hydrates in gas treatment -- 19.1. Gas hydrates and their properties -- 19.2. Self-preservation phenomenon -- 19.3. Hydrate technologies for biogas separation and transportation -- 19.4. Hydrate technologies of CO2 sequestration in the course of offshore natural gas production -- 19.5. Conclusion -- References.

Section IVB: Electro-chemical methods -- 20. Application of zeolites in environmental catalysis -- 20.1. Introduction -- 20.2. Zeolites in catalysis -- 20.3. Zeolite catalysts and green chemistry -- 20.4. Abatement of NOx in oxygen-rich streams with zeolite catalysts -- 20.5. VOCs abatement using zeolites -- 20.6. Conclusion -- References -- 21. Operation of fuel cells with biomass resources (hydrogen and alcohols) -- 21.1. Introduction -- 21.2. Principles and different types of fuel cells -- 21.3. Waste gases and biomass treatments for low-temperature fuel cells -- 21.4. Low-temperature fuel cells (PEMFC and DAFC) -- 21.5. Conclusions -- References -- Section IVC: Biological methods -- 22. Resource recovery from synthesis gas -- 22.1. Introduction -- 22.2. Hydrogenogenic CO conversion in anaerobic granular sludge -- 22.3. Application of synthesis gas in thermophilic biodesulfurization -- 22.4. Design of a biological synthesis gas purification process -- 22.5. Conclusion -- References -- 23. Product recovery from H2S-containing gases -- 23.1. Introduction -- 23.2. Biological desulfurization of gaseous fuels with recovery of elemental sulfur -- 23.3. Conclusions -- References -- Part V: Implementation of resource recovery from gas streams -- Section VA: Inorganic compounds -- 24. CO2 recovery from flue gas by membrane gas absorption and use in the horticultural industry -- 24.1. Introduction -- 24.2. Membrane gas absorption -- 24.3. Case study: CO2 reuse in horticulture -- 24.4. Conclusions -- References -- 25. Treatment of carbon disulfide from industrial waste gas emissions: pollutant converted into re-usable sulfuric acid -- 25.1. Introduction -- 25.2. Biological carbon disulfide degradation -- 25.3. Bioreactors treating carbon disulfide waste gas emissions -- 25.4. Traditional treatment of carbon disulfide waste gas emissions.

25.5. Examples of full-scale bioreactors applied at industries emitting CS2 -- 25.6. Conclusion -- References -- Section VB: Organic compounds -- 26. Volatile organic compound treatment by adsorption onto activated carbon fiber cloth and electrothermal regeneration -- 26.1. Introduction -- 26.2. Activated carbon fiber cloth -- 26.3. Adsorption onto ACFC-electrothermal desorption process -- 26.4. Development of an industrial treatment process -- 26.5. Conclusion -- References -- 27. Treatment of waste gases from formaldehyde- and formaldehyde-resin-producing industries -- 27.1. Introduction -- 27.2. Non-biological technologies for the abatement of off-gases from the formaldehyde industry -- 27.3. Biological technologies for the abatement of off-gases from the formaldehyde industry -- 27.4. Conclusions -- References -- Section VC: Biofuels -- 28. Upgrading of biogas for its usage in high-temperature fuel cells and gas grid injection -- 28.1. Introduction -- 28.2. Biogas upgrading technologies -- 28.3. High-tech applications of biogas -- 28.4. Conclusions -- References -- Index.