Front Cover -- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- FOREWORD TO THE 4TH EDITION -- Chapter 1 - Origin of Nuclear Science -- 1.1 RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS -- 1.2 RADIOACTIVE DECAY -- 1.3 DISCOVERY OF ISOTOPES -- 1.4 ATOMIC MODELS -- 1.5 NUCLEAR POWER -- 1.6. LITERATURE -- Chapter 2 - Elementary Particles -- 2.1 ELEMENTARY PARTICLES -- 2.2 FORCES OF NATURE -- 2.3 WAVES AND PARTICLES -- 2.4 FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF SOME ELEMENTARY PARTICLES -- 2.5 THE NEUTRINO -- 2.6 QUARKS AND THE STANDARD MODEL -- 2.7 EXERCISES -- 2.8. LITERATURE -- Chapter 3 - Nuclei, Isotopes and Isotope Separation -- 3.1 SPECIES OF ATOMIC NUCLEI -- 3.2 ATOMIC MASSES AND ATOMIC WEIGHTS -- 3.3 DETERMINATION OF ISOTOPIC MASSES AND ABUNDANCES -- 3.4 ISOTOPIC RATIOS IN NATURE -- 3.5 PHYSICOCHEMICAL DIFFERENCES FOR ISOTOPES223.5-3.7 OUTLINE THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR ISOTOPE EFFECTS AND ISOTOPE SEPARATION ... -- 3.6 ISOTOPE EFFECTS IN CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM -- 3.7 ISOTOPE EFFECTS IN CHEMICAL KINETICS -- 3.8 ISOTOPE SEPARATION PROCESSES -- 3.9 EXERCISES -- 3.10. LITERATURE -- Chapter 4 - Nuclear Mass Stability -- 4.1 PATTERNS OF NUCLEAR STABILITY -- 4.2 NEUTRON TO PROTON RATIO -- 4.3 MASS DEFECT -- 4.4 BINDING ENERGY -- 4.5 NUCLEAR RADIUS -- 4.6 SEMIEMPIRICAL MASS EQUATION -- 4.7 VALLEY OF β-STABILITY -- 4.8 THE MISSING ELEMENTS: 43TC AND 61PM -- 4.9 OTHER MODES OF INSTABILITY -- 4.10 EXERCISES -- 4.11. LITERATURE -- Chapter 5 - Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay -- 5.1 RADIOACTIVE DECAY -- 5.2 CONSERVATION LAWS -- 5.3 ALPHA DECAY -- 5.4 BETA DECAY -- 5.5 GAMMA EMISSION AND INTERNAL CONVERSION -- 5.6 SPONTANEOUS FISSION -- 5.7 RARE MODES OF DECAY -- 5.8 DECAY SCHEMES AND ISOTOPE CHARTS -- 5.9 SECONDARY PROCESSES IN THE ATOM -- 5.10 CLOSED DECAY ENERGY CYCLES -- 5.11 KINETICS OF SIMPLE RADIOACTIVE DECAY -- 5.12 MIXED DECAY -- 5.13 RADIOACTIVE DECAY UNITS.

5.14 BRANCHING DECAY -- 5.15 SUCCESSIVE RADIOACTIVE DECAY -- 5.16 RADIOISOTOPE GENERATORS -- 5.17 DECAY ENERGY AND HALF-LIFE -- 5.18 THE HEISENBERG UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE -- 5.19 EXERCISES -- 5.20. LITERATURE -- Chapter 6 - Nuclear Structure -- 6.1 REQUIREMENTS OF A NUCLEAR MODEL -- 6.2 ROTATIONAL ENERGY AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM -- 6.3 THE SINGLE-PARTICLE SHELL MODEL -- 6.4 DEFORMED NUCLEI -- 6.5 THE UNIFIED MODEL OF DEFORMED NUCLEI -- 6.6 INTERACTION BETWEEN THE NUCLEAR SPIN AND THE ELECTRON STRUCTURE -- 6.7 RADIOACTIVE DECAY AND NUCLEAR STRUCTURE -- 6.8 EXERCISES -- 6.9. LITERATURE -- Chapter 7 - Absorption of Nuclear Radiation -- 7.1 SURVEY OF ABSORPTION PROCESSES -- 7.2 ABSORPTION CURVES -- 7.3 ABSORPTION OF PROTONS AND HEAVIER IONS -- 7.4 ABSORPTION OF ELECTRONS -- 7.5 ABSORPTION OF γ-RADIATION -- 7.6 ABSORPTION OF NEUTRONS -- 7.7 RADIATION SHIELDING -- 7.8 ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION ABSORPTION -- 7.9 TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION SOURCES -- 7.10 EXERCISES -- 7.11. LITERATURE -- Chapter 8 - Radiation Effects on Matter -- 8.1 ENERGY TRANSFER -- 8.2 RADIATION TRACKS -- 8.3 RADIATION DOSE AND RADIATION YIELD -- 8.4 METALS -- 8.5 INORGANIC NON-METALLIC COMPOUNDS -- 8.6 WATER -- 8.7 AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS -- 8.8 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS -- 8.9 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS -- 8.10 DOSE MEASUREMENTS -- 8.11 LARGE-SCALE NON-BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS -- 8.12 TECHNICAL USES OF SMALL DOSE-RATES -- 8.13 EXERCISES -- 8.14. LITERATURE -- Chapter 9 - Detection and Measurement Techniques -- 9.1 TRACK MEASUREMENTS -- 9.2 GENERAL PROPERTIES OF DETECTORS -- 9.3 GAS COUNTERS -- 9.4 SEMICONDUCTOR DETECTORS -- 9.5 SCINTILLATION DETECTORS -- 9.6 ČERENKOV DETECTORS -- 9.7 MICROCHANNEL PLATE DETECTORS -- 9.8 ELECTRONICS FOR PULSE COUNTING -- 9.9 SPECIAL COUNTING SYSTEMS -- 9.10 ABSOLUTE DISINTEGRATION RATES -- 9.11 SAMPLE PREPARATION.

9.12 STATISTICS OF COUNTING AND ASSOCIATED ERROR -- 9.13 EXERCISES -- 9.14. LITERATURE -- Chapter 10 - Energetics of Nuclear Reactions -- 10.1 CONSERVATION LAWS IN NUCLEAR REACTIONS -- 10.2 THE MASS ENERGY -- 10.3 THE COULOMB BARRIER -- 10.4 RUTHERFORD SCATTERING -- 10.5 ELASTIC SCATTERING -- 10.6 INELASTIC SCATTERING -- 10.7 DISSECTING A NUCLEAR REACTION -- 10.8 THE COMPOUND NUCLEUS MODEL -- 10.9 RADIOACTIVE NEUTRON SOURCES -- 10.10 EXERCISES -- 10.11. LITERATURE -- Chapter 11 - Mechanisms and Models of Nuclear Reactions -- 11.1 THE REACTION CROSS-SECTION -- 11.2 PARTIAL REACTION CROSS-SECTIONS -- 11.3 RESONANCE AND TUNNELING -- 11.4 NEUTRON CAPTURE AND SCATTERING -- 11.5 NEUTRON DIFFRACTION -- 11.6 MODELS FOR NUCLEAR REACTIONS -- 11.7 NUCLEAR FISSION -- 11.8 PHOTONUCLEAR REACTIONS -- 11.9 EXERCISES -- 11.10. LITERATURE -- Chapter 12 - The Origin of the Universe and Nucleosynthesis -- 12.1 OBSERVATIONS FROM SPACE PROBE EARTH -- 12.2 IN THE BEGINNING OF TIME -- 12.3 STAR IGNITION -- 12.4 FUSION PROCESSES IN STARS -- 12.5 NEUTRON CAPTURE PROCESSES: FROM IRON TO URANIUM -- 12.6 AGE OF THE GALAXY -- 12.7 THE EVOLUTION OF THE PLANETS AND THE EARTH -- 12.8 EXERCISES -- 12.9. LITERATURE -- Chapter 13 - Cosmic Radiation and Radioelements in Nature -- 13.1 PRIMARY COSMIC RADIATION -- 13.2 SECONDARY REACTIONS IN THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE -- 13.3 RADIOELEMENTS IN NATURE -- 13.4 COSMOGENIC RADIONUCLIDES -- 13.5 PRIMORDIAL RADIONUCLIDES -- 13.6 RADIUM AND RADON IN THE ENVIRONMENT -- 13.7 DISEQUILIBRIUM -- 13.8 AGE DETERMINATION FROM RADIOACTIVE DECAY -- 13.9 NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY OF THE OCEANS -- 13.10 ANTHROPOGENIC RADIOACTIVITY IN NATURE -- 13.11 EXERCISES -- 13.12. LITERATURE -- Chapter 14 - The Actinide and Transactinide Elements -- 14.1 EARLY "TRANSURANIUM" ELEMENTS -- 14.2 THE ACTINIDE ELEMENTS -- 14.3 ACTINIDE PROPERTIES -- 14.4 USES OF ACTINIDES.

14.5 TRANSACTINIDE PROPERTIES -- 14.6 THE END OF THE PERIODIC TABLE -- 14.7 EXERCISES -- 14.8. LITERATURE -- Chapter 15 - Radiation Biology and Radiation Protection -- 15.1 THE BIOLOGICAL TARGET -- 15.2 RADIATION EFFECTS ON THE MOLECULAR LEVEL -- 15.3 RADIATION EFFECTS ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF CELLS -- 15.4 SOME CONCEPTS OF RADIATION BIOLOGY -- 15.5 FURTHER REGULARITIES AT LARGE DOSES -- 15.6 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS OF EFFECTS AT LARGE RADIATION DOSES -- 15.7 RADIATION STERILIZATION -- 15.8 GENETIC EFFECTS -- 15.9 RADIOMIMETIC SUBSTANCES -- 15.10 RADIATION BACKGROUND -- 15.11 SOMATIC EFFECTS OF LOW RADIATION DOSES -- 15.12 THE DOSE-EFFECT CURVE -- 15.13 REGULATORY RECOMMENDATIONS AND PROTECTION STANDARDS -- 15.14 PROTECTIVE MEASURES FOR RADIOCHEMICAL LABORATORY WORK -- 15.15 CONTROL OF RADIATION PROTECTION MEASURES -- 15.16 EXERCISES -- 15.17. LITERATURE -- Chapter 16 - Particle Accelerators -- 16.1 CHARGED PARTICLE ACCELERATORS -- 16.2 ION SOURCE -- 16.3 SINGLE-STAGE ACCELERATORS -- 16.4 VAN DE GRAAFF ACCELERATORS -- 16.5 MULTIPLE-STAGE LINEAR ACCELERATORS -- 16.6 CYCLOTRONS -- 16.7 FREQUENCY MODULATED CYCLOTRONS AND SYNCHROTRONS -- 16.8 NEUTRON GENERATORS -- 16.9 AREAS OF APPLICATION FOR ACCELERATORS -- 16.10 EXERCISES -- 16.11. LITERATURE -- Chapter 17 - Production of Radionuclides -- 17.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS -- 17.2 IRRADIATION YIELDS -- 17.3 SECOND-ORDER REACTIONS -- 17.4 TARGET CONSIDERATIONS -- 17.5 PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS -- 17.6 RECOIL SEPARATIONS -- 17.7 FAST RADIOCHEMICAL SEPARATIONS -- 17.8 EXERCISES -- 17.9. LITERATURE -- Chapter 18 - Uses of Radioactive Tracers -- 18.1 BASIC ASSUMPTIONS FOR TRACER USE -- 18.2 CHEMISTRY OF TRACE CONCENTRATIONS -- 18.3 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY -- 18.4 APPLICATIONS TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY -- 18.5 APPLICATIONS TO LIFE SCIENCES -- 18.6 INDUSTRIAL USES OF RADIOTRACERS -- 18.7 ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS.

18.8 EXERCISES -- 18.9. LITERATURE -- Chapter 19 - Principles of Nuclear Power -- 19.1 THE NUCLEAR REACTOR -- 19.2 ENERGY RELEASE IN FISSION -- 19.3 FISSION PROBABILITY -- 19.4 THE FISSION FACTOR -- 19.5 NEUTRON MODERATION -- 19.6 THE NEUTRON CYCLE -- 19.7 NEUTRON LEAKAGE AND CRITICAL SIZE -- 19.8 REACTOR KINETICS -- 19.9 FUEL UTILIZATION -- 19.10 THE OKLO PHENOMENON -- 19.11 REACTOR CONCEPTS -- 19.12 RESEARCH AND TEST REACTORS -- 19.13 THERMAL POWER REACTORS -- 19.14 POWER STATION EFFICIENCY -- 19.15 REACTOR SAFETY -- 19.16 RADIOACTIVE REACTOR WASTE -- 19.17 NUCLEAR FUSION -- 19.18 NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVES -- 19.19 EXERCISES -- 19.20. LITERATURE -- Chapter 20 - Nuclear Power Reactors -- 20.1 THERMAL REACTORS -- 20.2 CHEMISTRY OF WATER COOLED REACTORS -- 20.3 BREEDER REACTORS -- 20.4 REACTOR WASTE -- 20.5 SAFE OPERATION OF NUCLEAR REACTORS -- 20.6 EXERCISES -- 20.7. LITERATURE -- Chapter 21 - The Nuclear Fuel Cycle -- 21.1 PRODUCTION OF FUEL ELEMENTS -- 21.2 POWER GENERATION -- 21.3 COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF SPENT FUEL ELEMENTS -- 21.4 MANAGEMENT OF SPENT FUEL -- 21.5 ALTERNATIVE FUEL CYCLES -- 21.6 REPROCESSING OF URANIUM AND MIXED OXIDE FUELS -- 21.7 REPROCESSING OF THORIUM FUELS -- 21.8 WASTES STREAMS FROM REPROCESSING -- 21.9 TREATMENT AND DEPOSITION OF LOW AND MEDIUM LEVEL WASTES -- 21.10 TANK STORAGE OF HIGH LEVEL LIQUID WASTES -- 21.11 OPTIONS FOR FINAL TREATMENT OF HIGH LEVEL WASTES -- 21.12 SOLIDIFICATION OF HIGH LEVEL LIQUID WASTES -- 21.13 DEPOSITION IN GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS -- 21.14 BENEFICIAL UTILIZATION OF NUCLEAR WASTES -- 21.15 EXERCISES -- 21.16. LITERATURE -- Chapter 22 - Behavior of Radionuclides in the Environment -- 22.1 RADIOACTIVE RELEASES AND POSSIBLE EFFECTS -- 22.2 RADIONUCLIDES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN -- 22.3 RELEASES FROM LARGE REACTOR ACCIDENTS -- 22.4 INJECTION OF TRU INTO THE ENVIRONMENT.

22.5 PRESENT LEVELS OF TRU IN THE ECOSPHERE.