High Efficiency RF and Microwave Solid State Power Amplifiers.
Title:
High Efficiency RF and Microwave Solid State Power Amplifiers.
Author:
Colantonio, Paolo.
ISBN:
9780470746554
Personal Author:
Edition:
1st ed.
Physical Description:
1 online resource (520 pages)
Series:
Microwave and Optical Engineering Ser.
Contents:
High Efficiency RF and Microwave Solid State Power Amplifiers -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Authors -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Power Amplifier Fundamentals -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Definition of Power Amplifier Parameters -- 1.3 Distortion Parameters -- 1.3.1 Harmonic Distortion -- 1.3.2 AM-AM/AM-PM -- 1.3.3 Two-tone Intermodulation -- 1.3.4 Intercept Point IPn -- 1.3.5 Carrier to Intermodulation Ratio -- 1.3.6 Spurious Free Dynamic Range -- 1.3.7 Adjacent Channel Power Ratio -- 1.3.8 Noise and Co-Channel Power Ratio (NPR and CCPR) -- 1.3.9 Multi-tone Intermodulation Ratio -- 1.3.10 Error Vector Magnitude -- 1.4 Power Match Condition -- 1.5 Class of Operation -- 1.6 Overview of Semiconductors for PAs -- 1.7 Devices for PA -- 1.7.1 Requirements for Power Devices -- 1.7.2 BJT -- 1.7.3 HBT -- 1.7.4 FET -- 1.7.5 MOSFET -- 1.7.6 LDMOS -- 1.7.7 MESFET -- 1.7.8 HEMT -- 1.7.9 General Remarks -- 1.8 Appendix: Demonstration of Useful Relationships -- 1.9 References -- 2 Power Amplifier Design -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Design Flow -- 2.3 Simplified Approaches -- 2.4 The Tuned Load Amplifier -- 2.5 Sample Design of a Tuned Load PA -- 2.6 References -- 3 Nonlinear Analysis for Power Amplifiers -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Linear vs. Nonlinear Circuits -- 3.3 Time Domain Integration -- 3.3.1 Iterative Algorithm (Newton-Raphson and Fixed-point) -- 3.4 Example -- 3.4.1 Forward Euler Solution -- 3.4.2 Backward Euler Solution -- 3.4.3 Steady-state Analysis and Shooting Method -- 3.4.4 Example -- 3.5 Solution by Series Expansion -- 3.6 The Volterra Series -- 3.6.1 Response to a Single-tone Excitation -- 3.6.2 Response to a Two-tone Excitation -- 3.6.3 The Probing Method -- 3.6.4 Example -- 3.6.5 Cascade of Systems -- 3.7 The Fourier Series -- 3.8 The Harmonic Balance -- 3.8.1 Example -- 3.8.2 Multi-tone HB Analysis -- 3.9 Envelope Analysis.
3.10 Spectral Balance -- 3.11 Large Signal Stability Issue -- 3.12 References -- 4 Load Pull -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Passive Source/Load Pull Measurement Systems -- 4.3 Active Source/Load Pull Measurement Systems -- 4.3.1 Two-signal Path Technique -- 4.3.2 Active Loop Technique -- 4.4 Measurement Test-sets -- 4.4.1 Scalar Systems -- 4.4.2 VNA Based Systems -- 4.4.3 Six-port Reflectometer Based Systems -- 4.5 Advanced Load Pull Measurements -- 4.5.1 Intermodulation Measurements -- 4.5.2 Time-domain Waveform Load Pull -- 4.5.3 Pulsed Load Pull -- 4.6 Source/Load Pull Characterization -- 4.7 Determination of Optimum Load Condition -- 4.7.1 Example of Simplified Load Pull Contour -- 4.7.2 Design of an Amplifier Stage using Simplified Load Pull Contours -- 4.8 Appendix: Construction of Simplified Load Pull Contours through Linear Simulations -- 4.9 References -- 5 High Efficiency PA Design Theory -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Power Balance in a PA -- 5.3 Ideal Approaches -- 5.3.1 Tuned Load -- 5.3.2 Class F or Inverse Class F (Class F-1) -- 5.3.3 Class E or General Switched-mode -- 5.4 High Frequency Harmonic Tuning Approaches -- 5.4.1 Mathematical Statements -- 5.5 High Frequency Third Harmonic Tuned (Class F) -- 5.6 High Frequency Second Harmonic Tuned -- 5.7 High Frequency Second and Third Harmonic Tuned -- 5.8 Design by Harmonic Tuning -- 5.8.1 Truncated Sinusoidal Current Waveform -- 5.8.2 Quadratic Current Waveform -- 5.8.3 Rectangular Current Waveform -- 5.9 Final Remarks -- 5.10 References -- 6 Switched Amplifiers -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Ideal Class E Amplifier -- 6.3 Class E Behavioural Analysis -- 6.4 Low Frequency Class E Amplifier Design -- 6.5 Class E Amplifier Design with 50% Duty-cycle -- 6.5.1 Practical Implementation and Variants of Class E Power Amplifiers -- 6.5.2 High Frequency Class E Amplifiers.
6.6 Examples of High Frequency Class E Amplifiers -- 6.6.1 C-Band GaAs Class E Amplifier -- 6.6.2 X-Band GaAs Class E Amplifier -- 6.6.3 S-Band GaN Class E Amplifier -- 6.6.4 S-Band LDMOS Class E Amplifier -- 6.7 Class E vs. Harmonic Tuned -- 6.8 Class E Final Remarks -- 6.9 Appendix: Demonstration of Useful Relationships -- 6.10 References -- 7 High Frequency Class F Power Amplifiers -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Class F Description Based on Voltage Wave-shaping -- 7.3 High Frequency Class F Amplifiers -- 7.3.1 Effects of Device Output Resistance Rds -- 7.4 Bias Level Selection -- 7.5 Class F Output Matching Network Design -- 7.6 Class F Design Examples -- 7.7 References -- 8 High Frequency Harmonic Tuned Power Amplifiers -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Theory of Harmonic Tuned PA Design -- 8.3 Input Device Nonlinear Phenomena: Theoretical Analysis -- 8.4 Input Device Nonlinear Phenomena: Experimental Results -- 8.5 Output Device Nonlinear Phenomena -- 8.6 Design of a Second HT Power Amplifier -- 8.7 Design of a Second and Third HT Power Amplifier -- 8.8 Example of 2nd HT GaN PA -- 8.9 Final Remarks -- 8.10 References -- 9 High Linearity in Efficient Power Amplifiers -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Systems Classification -- 9.3 Linearity Issue -- 9.4 Bias Point Influence on IMD -- 9.5 Harmonic Loading Effects on IMD -- 9.5.1 High Linearity and High Efficiency PA Design Process -- 9.5.2 High Linearity and High Efficiency PA Design Example -- 9.6 Appendix: Volterra Analysis Example -- 9.7 References -- 10 Power Combining -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Device Scaling Properties -- 10.3 Power Budget -- 10.4 Power Combiner Classification -- 10.5 The T-junction Power Divider -- 10.5.1 Resistive Divider -- 10.6 Wilkinson Combiner -- 10.6.1 Two-way Equal Splitter Wilkinson Combiner/divider -- 10.6.2 Two-way Unequal Splitter Wilkinson Combiner/divider.
10.6.3 Two-way Wilkinson with Arbitrary Impedances -- 10.6.4 Other Two-way Wilkinson Structures -- 10.6.5 Planarization of N-way Wilkinson Splitter/combiner -- 10.6.6 Design Considerations on Wilkinson Splitter/combiner -- 10.7 The Quadrature (90◦) Hybrid -- 10.7.1 Branch-line -- 10.7.2 Coupled Line Directional Couplers -- 10.7.3 The Lange Coupler -- 10.8 The 180◦ Hybrid (Ring Coupler or Rat-race) -- 10.9 Bus-bar Combiner -- 10.10 Other Planar Combiners -- 10.10.1 Three-way Power Divider with Variable Output Power Ratios -- 10.10.2 The Bagley Polygon Combiner -- 10.10.3 Composite Coupler -- 10.11 Corporate Combiners -- 10.11.1 Tree Structures -- 10.11.2 Travelling Wave Combiners -- 10.11.3 Multiple-level Combiners -- 10.12 Resonating Planar Combiners -- 10.13 Graceful Degradation -- 10.14 Matching Properties of Combined PAs -- 10.15 Unbalance Issue in Hybrid Combiners -- 10.16 Appendix: Basic Properties of Three-port Networks -- 10.16.1 Three-port Networks -- 10.17 References -- 11 The Doherty Power Amplifier -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Doherty's Idea -- 11.2.1 Active Load Modulation -- 11.2.2 Impedance Inverting Network Implementation -- 11.3 The Classical Doherty Configuration -- 11.4 The 'AB-C' Doherty Amplifier Analysis -- 11.4.1 Fourier Representation for the Drain Current Waveforms -- 11.4.2 Behavioural Analysis -- 11.5 Power Splitter Sizing -- 11.6 Evaluation of the Gain in a Doherty Amplifier -- 11.7 Design Example -- 11.8 Advanced Solutions -- 11.8.1 Different Drain Bias Voltages -- 11.8.2 Doherty with Main Amplifier in Class F Configuration -- 11.8.3 Multi-way Doherty Amplifiers -- 11.8.4 Multi-stage Doherty Amplifiers -- 11.9 References -- Index -- Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical Engineering.
Abstract:
Paolo Colantonio was born in Rome on March 1969 and he received Electronic Engineering and Ph.D degrees in Microelectronics and Telecommunications from the University of Roma 'Tor Vergata' in 1994 and 2000 respectively, working on design criteria for high efficiency power amplifiers. In 1999 he became a research assistant at the Electronic Engineering Department of the University of Roma 'Tor Vergata' and since 2002 he has been a professor of microwave electronics at the same university. His research activities are mainly focused on the field of microwave and millimetre-wave electronics, and in particular on design criteria for nonlinear microwave subsystems. This activity resulted in the development of innovative design criteria for high efficiency and high linear power amplifiers, oriented to the optimization of power performance making use of harmonic tuning classes of operation. The results of such activities have been presented in major conferences and ublished in international journals. Paolo Colantonio has been responsible for the work package activity on 'power amplifier design overview' in the VI-FP European Network of Excellence TARGET (January 2004-June 2005) and general chairman of the international event 'First TARGET NoE Workshop on RF Power Amplifiers', held in Orvieto, Italy 2005. He is author or co-author of more than 120 papers on PA design published in refereed journals or international conference proceedings and he has been awarded Best Poster Paper at GAAS 2000 (IMD performances of harmonically tuned microwave power amplifiers) and Best Paper at EuMIC 2007 (A 6W Uneven Doherty Power Amplifier in GaN Technology). Franco Giannini was born in Galatina (LE), on November 9, 1944, and graduated in Electronics Engineering, summa cum laude in 1968, before getting the chair of Full Professor of Applied Electronics in 1980. In 2008
he was awarded the Laurea Honoris Causa Scientiarum Technicarum degree by the Warsaw University of Technology (WUT), Poland. Since 1981 he has been at the University of Roma 'Tor Vergata', where he has been serving as Head of Department, Vice President for International Affairs, Pro-Rector, and Dean of the Faculty of Electronics Engineering. He presently chairs theMicrowave Engineering Centre for Space Applications (MECSA). He has been working on modelling, characterization and design methodologies of active and passive microwave components and circuits, including MICs and MMICs for telecommunication and space applications, authoring or co-authoring more than 400 scientific contributions. He chaired the theme MMICs of the national project MADESS I of the CNR and was a member of the Management Board of MADESS II, chairman of the theme MMICs of the National Project MICROELECTRONICS, and member of the Board of Directors of the Italian Space Agency (ASI). He has also been active in many European Projects, and was the Italian representative in the 'European Working Group for GaAs Microelectronics'. He has been acting as consultant for various national and international organizations, including the ITU for the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), and the European Union for ESPRIT, LTR, ISTC projects. He has been chairman of various International Symposia on Microwave & MillimetreWave Techniques and is a member of many committees of international scientific conferences. In 1996 Professor Giannini was awarded the 'Irena Galewska Kielbasinski Prize' by the Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany, and an Honorary Professorship by WUT, Poland, in 2001. Ernesto Limiti has been Full Professor of Electronics at the University of Roma 'Tor Vergata' since 2002, after being associate professor and researcher at the same university since 1991. He teaches
undergraduate courses in microwave electronics, namely Microwave Electronics (basic) andMicrowave Instrumentation and Measurements, all of them at the LaureaMagistrale in the Electronic Engineering degree course (i.e. towards students with at least three years experience at the university). He also teaches MSc and PhD courses, both at the University of Roma 'Tor Vergata' and at other Italian universities. His scientific interests encompass a broad range of topics, including microwave active device characterization and modelling, regarding both linear (small-signal and noise) and nonlinear regimes and microwave subsystems design methodologies. Regarding the latter, high efficiency power amplifier design methodologies have been his focus since 1992, oriented towards power performance optimization making use of harmonic tuning operating classes. This research topic has been investigated also in the frame of European research projects, e.g. Manpower, Edge, and others. The results on the work in high efficiency power amplifier design approaches have been presented in major conferences and published in international journals. Ernesto Limiti is author or co-author of more than 200 papers appearing in refereed journals or international conference proceedings. He is a member of the Editorial Board of the International Journal of Microwave and Millimetre-Wave CAE (Wiley Interscience), serving also as a reviewer for various IEEE Transactions and IET Journals. He has been general chairman and organizer of the 2004 international workshop on Integrated Nonlinear Microwave and Millimetre-wave Circuits (INMMiC 2004) as well as the 11th International Symposium on Microwave and Optical Technology (ISMOT 2007).
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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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