Front Matter -- Preface -- Acknowledgment of Reviewers -- Contents -- Boxes -- Executive Summary -- Part I: Setting the Stage -- 1 Introduction -- 2 What Is at Stake? -- 3 Improving the Nation's Cybersecurity Posture -- Part II: An Illustrative Research Agenda -- 4 Category 1-Blocking and Limiting the Impact of Compromise -- 5 Category 2-Enabling Accountability -- 6 Category 3-Promoting Deployment -- 7 Category 4-Deterring Would-Be Attackers and Penalizing Attackers -- 8 Category 5-Illustrative Crosscutting Problem-Focused Research Areas -- 9 Category 6-Speculative Research -- Part III: Conclusion -- 10 Looking to the Future -- Appendixes -- Appendix A: Committee and Staff Biographies -- Appendix B: Cybersecurity Reports and Policy: The Recent Past -- Appendix C: Contributors to the Study.