Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface to the second edition -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Characteristics of agricultural and food wastewater -- 1.1.1 General characteristics of wastewaters in agriculture and food processing -- 1.1.2 Parameters for physicochemical treatment of wastewater -- 1.1.3 Parameters for biological treatment of wastewater -- 1.1.4 Nitrogen and phosphorous -- 1.1.5 Sampling -- 1.2 Material balances and stoichiometry -- 1.3 Fluid flow rate and mass loading -- 1.4 Kinetics and reaction rates -- 1.4.1 Zero-order reactions -- 1.4.2 First-order reactions -- 1.4.3 Second-order reactions -- 1.4.4 Mixed-order or higher-order reactions -- 1.4.5 Catalytic reactions -- 1.5 Theoretical modeling and design of biological reactors -- 1.5.1 Batch reactors -- 1.5.2 Continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) -- 1.6 Process economics -- 1.6.1 Capital costs -- 1.6.2 Operational costs and facility maintenance -- 1.7 Further reading -- 1.8 References -- Chapter 2 Basic microbiology in wastewater treatment -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Structures of cells -- 2.3 Important microorganisms in wastewater -- 2.3.1 Bacteria and fungi -- 2.3.2 Algae -- 2.3.3 Protozoa and metazoa -- 2.3.4 Role of microorganisms in biological wastewater treatment -- 2.4 Microbial metabolism -- 2.4.1 Microbial energy generation -- 2.4.2 Uptake of substrates into microbial cell -- 2.4.3 Oxidation of organic and inorganic substrates -- 2.5 Nitrification -- 2.6 Denitrification -- 2.7 Further reading -- 2.8 References -- Chapter 3 Physicochemical wastewater treatment processes -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Equalization basins -- 3.3 Screening -- 3.4 Flotation -- 3.5 Sedimentation -- 3.5.1 Discrete settling (Type I) -- 3.5.2 Flocculent settling (Type II) -- 3.5.3 Zone settling (Type III) -- 3.5.4 Compression zone (Type IV).

3.6 Coagulation and flocculation -- 3.7 Filtration processes -- 3.8 Adsorption -- 3.9 Chemical oxidation -- 3.10 Membrane separations -- 3.10.1 Membrane separation by hydrostatic pressure difference -- 3.10.2 Membrane separations by electrical potential difference: electrodialysis (ED) -- 3.10.3 Membrane separations by partial vapor pressure gradient -- 3.10.4 Membrane contactor (MC) -- 3.10.5 Design considerations -- 3.10.6 Membrane modules -- 3.10.7 Whose fault? membrane fouling -- 3.11 Ion exchange -- 3.11.1 Strong acid cation resins -- 3.11.2 Weak acid cation resins -- 3.11.3 Strong base anion resins -- 3.11.4 Weak base anion resins -- 3.11.5 Evaluation of resins -- 3.11.6 Ion exchange systems -- 3.12 Closing remarks -- 3.13 Further reading -- 3.14 References -- Chapter 4 Biological wastewater treatment processes -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Kinetics of biochemical systems in wastewater microbiology -- 4.2.1 Effects of temperature on reaction rates -- 4.2.2 Effects of pH and dissolved oxygen concentration on reaction rates -- 4.2.3 Kinetic equations of bacterial growth -- 4.3 Idealized biochemical reactors -- 4.3.1 The ideal batch reactor -- 4.3.2 Ideal plug-flow reactor -- 4.3.3 Ideal continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) -- 4.4 Completely mixed aerated lagoon (CMAL) -- 4.5 Trickling filter (TF) -- 4.5.1 How TFs work -- 4.5.2 Advantages and disadvantages -- 4.5.3 Design criteria -- 4.6 Rotating biological contactor (RBC) -- 4.6.1 Process selection -- 4.6.2 Pretreatment -- 4.6.3 Design criteria -- 4.7 Combined aerobic processes -- 4.8 Contact anaerobic systems -- 4.8.1 Advantages and disadvantages of anaerobic processes -- 4.8.2 Anaerobic contact processes -- 4.9 Further reading -- 4.10 References -- Chapter 5 Advanced wastewater treatment processes -- 5.1 Introduction.

5.2 Biological removal of nitrogen: nitrification and denitrification -- 5.3 Physicochemical removal of nitrogen -- 5.4 Biological removal of phosphorus -- 5.5 Physicochemical removal of phosphate -- 5.5.1 Lime precipitation of phosphate -- 5.5.2 Ferrous precipitation of phosphate -- 5.5.3 Alum and ferric precipitation of phosphate -- 5.6 Membrane processes for advanced wastewater treatment -- 5.7 VOC removal with pervaporation -- 5.8 Disinfection -- 5.9 Further reading -- 5.10 References -- Chapter 6 Natural systems for wastewater treatment -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Stabilization ponds -- 6.2.1 Facultative ponds -- 6.2.2 Maturation ponds -- 6.2.3 Aerated lagoons -- 6.2.4 Aerobic ponds -- 6.2.5 Anaerobic ponds -- 6.2.6 Design of stabilization ponds -- 6.3 Land treatment systems -- 6.3.1 Slow-rate (SR) systems -- 6.3.2 Overland-flow systems -- 6.3.3 Rapid-infiltration systems -- 6.4 Wetland systems -- 6.5 Floating aquatic plant systems -- 6.6 Further reading -- 6.7 References -- Chapter 7 Sludge treatment and management -- 7.1 Sludge quality and characteristics -- 7.2 Sludge thickening (concentration) -- 7.3 Sludge stabilization -- 7.3.1 Sludge aerobic digestion -- 7.3.2 Sludge anaerobic digestion -- 7.3.3 Vermistabilization -- 7.3.4 Composting -- 7.4 Reed beds -- 7.5 Conditioning of sludge -- 7.6 Dewatering -- 7.6.1 Belt press filtration -- 7.6.2 Centrifugation -- 7.6.3 Filter press -- 7.6.4 Sludge freezing -- 7.6.5 Sludge drying -- 7.7 Land applications and surface disposal -- 7.8 Incineration -- 7.9 Further reading -- 7.10 References -- Chapter 8 Recoverable products and energy from food and agricultural wastewaters -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Water recovery and reuse in the food and agricultural processing industries.

8.3 Recoverable carbohydrates, fats, and proteins for human and animal consumption -- 8.4 Recoverable aroma flavoring compounds from food processing -- 8.5 Recoverable food/agricultural biomaterials for non-food uses -- 8.6 Energy or fuel generations from wastewaters -- 8.7 Algae-based biodiesel and fuel ethanol -- 8.8 Potential applications of industrial commodities derived from sludge treatment -- 8.9 Further reading -- 8.10 References -- Chapter 9 Economics of food and agricultural wastewater treatment break and utilization -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Estimating the unit cost of treating food and agricultural wastewater -- 9.2.1 Capital costs -- 9.2.2 Operating costs -- 9.2.3 Estimation of total costs -- 9.3 Estimating overall costs of wastewater treatment processes with substance and energy recovery -- 9.4 Further reading -- 9.5 References -- Index -- Supplemental Images.