Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- CHAPTER ONE: Introduction -- Purpose -- Approach -- Brief History of the U.S. Global Posture -- The Current U.S. Global Posture -- European Command -- Central Command -- Pacific Command -- Africa Command -- Southern Command -- How This Report Is Organized -- CHAPTER TWO: Strategic Considerations: Benefits of Overseas Posture to Contingency Response -- Force Types and Implications for Deployment and Presence -- Force Requirements and Deployment Considerations for Major Combat Operations -- En Route Infrastructure and Capabilities -- Deployment by Air and Sea -- Small-Scale Contingency Deployment Analysis -- Notional Scenarios for Analysis -- Force Packages -- Deployment Modeling Results -- Direct Operational Support -- Operational Support Considerations -- Assessing the Ability to Provide Operational Support to Contingencies -- Implications for Posture -- CHAPTER THREE: Strategic Considerations: Benefits of Overseas Posture for Deterrence and Assurance -- The Role of Foreign Posture in Deterring Potential Foes -- Deterrence Ideas and Practice -- The Adversary Gets a Vote -- Assuring Allies -- Aligning Interests -- Implications for Posture -- CHAPTER FOUR: Strategic Considerations: Benefits of Overseas Posture for Security Cooperation -- Does Overseas Basing Provide Cost Advantages for Security Cooperation? -- Does Overseas Basing Improve Partner Willingness to Deploy Forces? -- Does Overseas Basing Provide Benefits for Partner Capability Development? -- Does Overseas Basing Provide Training Advantages for U.S. Forces? -- How Do Rotational Forces Change U.S. Military Strategies for Security Cooperation? -- Implications for Posture -- CHAPTER FIVE: Risks to Investing in Facilities Overseas -- Political Risks to Access.

Risks to Peacetime Access: Where Are U.S. Bases at Risk? -- Contingency Access -- Changing Operational Risks to Posture -- Assessing Violent Extremist Risks to Posture -- Implications for Posture -- CHAPTER SIX: Installation Conditions -- Data on Installation Conditions -- Findings on Installation Conditions -- Implications of Findings on Installation Quality for Postures -- CHAPTER SEVEN: Host-Nation Support and U.S. Payments to Other Countries -- Terminology and Data Sources -- Definitions of Host-Nation Support, U.S. Payments, and Related Concepts -- Sources of Data on Host-Nation Support and U.S. Payments -- Lessons from Historical Data -- Analysis of Contemporary Data on Host-Nation Support and U.S. Payments -- Host Nations' Contributions to the United States -- U.S. Payments to Other Countries -- Treatment of Bilateral Flows in Posture Analysis -- NATO Security Investment Program Contributions -- Host-Nation Support Data Collection in the Future -- Implications of Findings on Host-Nation Support and U.S. Payments for Postures -- CHAPTER EIGHT: Relative Costs of Overseas Basing and Rotational Presence -- Introduction to Cost Analysis -- Definitions of Terms -- Approach to Overall Cost Analysis: Constructing Cost Models -- Approach to Individual Cost Models -- Limitations of This Analysis -- Preview of Cost Analysis Findings -- Recurring Permanent Presence Cost Analysis -- Training Costs -- Allowances and PCS Costs -- Installation-Related Costs -- Regional Logistics Costs -- Summary of Recurring Fixed Costs -- Summary of Incremental Overseas Variable Costs -- Rotational Cost Analysis -- Components of Rotational Presence -- Example Rotational Deployment Cost Calculations -- Unit Rotation Costs -- Investment Cost Methodology -- Data Sources -- Personnel-Related Movement and Separation -- Base-Related Closure Costs -- New Construction.

Example Investment Cost Calculations -- Implications for Posture -- CHAPTER NINE: Illustrative Postures -- Parameters of All Illustrative Postures -- Elements of Current U.S. Posture That Are Held Constant -- Illustrative Cost-Reduction Posture -- Notional Cost-Reduction Posture Changes -- Illustrative Global Responsiveness and Engagement Posture -- Notional Global Responsiveness and Engagement Posture Changes -- Illustrative Major Contingency Posture -- Notional Major Contingency Posture Changes -- Summary of Posture Changes -- CHAPTER TEN: Analysis of Illustrative Postures -- Recap of the Common Features of the Illustrative Postures -- Deployment Responsiveness -- Cost-Reduction Posture -- Global Responsiveness and Engagement Posture -- Major Contingency Posture -- Availability of Basing for Direct Operational Support -- Deterrence and Assurance -- Security Cooperation -- Effect on Training to Improve Partner Capabilities -- Improving U.S. Force Capabilities -- The Value of Rotational Forces for Security Cooperation -- Risks to U.S. Installations -- Political and Operational Access Risk Comparison -- Risks from Adversary Actions -- Cost Comparisons of Illustrative Postures -- Effects on Annual Costs -- Investment Costs to Transition to Posture Options -- Comparing Marine Corps CRP Cost Changes to the Long-Term Plan -- Implications for Determining Actual Postures -- CHAPTER ELEVEN: Conclusions -- Minimum Essential Posture Needs -- Changes Advisable to Consider Depending on Strategic Judgments -- Regional Considerations -- Europe -- The Pacific -- Middle East -- Value Perceptions and Priorities Are Critical to Posture Decisions -- APPENDIXES -- A. Cost Analysis Appendix -- B. Detailed Cost Analysis Results -- C. Security Cooperation Cost Differential Between Forward-Based and U.S.-Based Forces -- D. U.S. Military Overseas Prepositioned Equipment.

E. Deployment Analysis Scenario APOD and APOE Details -- F. USFJ-Related Costs Borne by Japan -- G. Analysis of Missile Threat to Bases for the Postures -- H. Detailed Estimates of Host Nation Contributions from Japan, South Korea, and Germany -- I. Summary Tables of Illustrative Postures -- References.