Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Acronyms -- 1. Introduction to Bioelectronic Vision -- 1.1 Main Causes of Blindness -- 1.2 Main Components of a Bioelectronic Vision System -- 1.3 Classification of Visual Prostheses -- 1.3.1 Retinal Neuroprosthesis -- 1.3.2 Cortical Visual Neuroprosthesis -- 1.4 Conclusions and Further Reading -- Exercises -- 2. The Human Visual System -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Neuron -- 2.2.1 Neuron Anatomy -- 2.2.2 Neuron Dynamics -- 2.2.2.1 Neural Communication through Chemical Synapses -- 2.2.2.2 Neural Communication through Electrical Synapses -- 2.3 The Human Visual System -- 2.3.1 The Eye -- 2.3.2 The Retina -- 2.3.3 How the Retina Operates -- 2.3.4 The Visual Pathway -- 2.3.4.1 Optic Nerve and Tract -- 2.3.4.2 Subcortical structures -- 2.3.4.3 Visual Cortex -- 2.4 Modeling the Retina -- 2.4.1 The Retina Neural Code -- 2.4.2 Classification of Retina Models -- 2.4.2.1 Functional Models -- 2.4.2.2 Structural Models -- 2.5 Conclusions and Further Reading -- Exercises -- 3. Characterization of the Neural Response -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Spikes: The Essence of the Neural Code -- 3.2.1 Retina Stimulation and Responses Recording -- 3.2.2 Spike Trains and Firing Rates -- 3.2.3 Spike Triggered Average -- 3.2.4 Spike Train Autocorrelation Function -- 3.2.5 The Spike Triggered Covariance -- 3.3 Stimulus and Response Statistics, and Firing Probabilities -- 3.3.1 Spike Train Statistics -- 3.3.2 Homogeneous Poisson Model of Spike Trains -- 3.3.2.1 Spike Count Distribution -- 3.3.2.2 Interspike Interval Distribution -- 3.3.3 Inhomogeneous Poisson Model of Spike Trains -- 3.3.4 Spike-Count Statistics -- 3.3.4.1 Interspike Interval Distribution -- 3.4 Spiking Mechanisms -- 3.4.1 Generation of Poisson Spike Trains -- 3.4.2 Integrate-and-Fire Spike Generation.

3.5 Conclusions and Further Reading -- Exercises -- 4. Retina Models -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Classification of Retina Models -- 4.3 Structural Models -- 4.3.1 The Integrate and Fire Model -- 4.3.2 The Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Model -- 4.4 Functional Models -- 4.4.1 Deterministic Models -- 4.4.2 Stochastic Models -- 4.4.3 White Noise based Models -- 4.5 Conclusions and Further Reading -- Exercises -- 5. Neural Activity Metrics and Models Assessment -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Metric Definition -- 5.3 Firing Rate Metrics -- 5.3.1 Mean Squared Error -- 5.3.2 Normalized Mean Squared Error -- 5.3.3 Percent Variance Accounted For -- 5.3.4 Analysis of the Firing Rate Metrics -- 5.4 Spike Train Metrics -- 5.4.1 Spike Time Metric -- 5.4.2 Interspike Interval Metric -- 5.4.3 Spike Train Distance Metric -- 5.4.4 Spike Train Metrics Analysis -- 5.5 Spike Events Metrics -- 5.5.1 Spike Events Metric Analysis -- 5.6 Tuning and Assessment of Retina Models -- 5.6.1 Deterministic Model -- 5.6.2 Stochastic Model -- 5.6.3 White Noise Model -- 5.7 Conclusions and Further Reading -- Exercises -- 6. Design and Implementation of Bioelectronic Vision Systems -- 6.1 Retinal Prostheses -- 6.1.1 Epiretinal Implants -- 6.1.2 Subretinal Implants -- 6.2 Retinal Bioelectronic Vision System Design -- 6.3 Cortical Visual Prostheses -- 6.4 Cortical Bioelectronic Vision System Design -- 6.4.1 Early Layers -- 6.4.2 Neuromorphic Pulse Coding -- 6.4.3 Spike Multiplexing -- 6.4.4 Serial Communication Link -- 6.5 Vision Prosthesis Prototype -- 6.6 Conclusions and Further Reading -- Exercises -- Bibliography -- Index.