CONTENTS -- Preface -- Organizing Committees -- Part A Biophysics -- Bio-physics Manifesto - for the future of Physics and Biology Y. Oono -- 1. Introduction -- 2. What is wrong with Complex Systems Study? -- 3. What has Physics not done? -- 4. Fundamental Conditions -- 5. How to obtain Phenomenology of Complex Systems -- 6. Basic Observations about FC and Complexi cation -- 7. Potential use of Qualitative Phenomenology -- References -- Single Molecule Force Measurement for Protein Synthesis on the Ribosome S. Uemura -- 1. Ribosome Introduction -- 1.1. Translation -- 1.2. Elongation cycle -- 2. Principle for Optical Tweezers Technique -- 3. Single Molecule Force Measurement for Ribosome Complex -- 3.1. Rupture force measurement method -- 3.2. Rupture force distribution -- 3.2.1. Ribosome complex with mRNA including the SD interaction -- 3.2.2. Ribosome complex with mRNA excluding the SD interaction -- 3.3. Conclusion and discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- A Rod Probe Reveals Gait of Myosin V K. Shiroguchi -- 1. Linear Molecular Motors and Myosin V -- 2. How Myosin V may Walk -- 3. A Micrometer-sized Rod attached to a Leg reveals Walking Mechanism -- 3.1. Observing the leg motion in stepping phase by a rod -- 3.2. Two mechanisms for the lifted foot to access a forward site -- 4. On the Toe Up-down Mechanism for the Lifted Foot binding to a Forward Site -- 5. Biological Rod as a Probe and its Attachment -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Mechanism of Spontaneous Oscillation Emerging from Collective Molecular Motors Y. Shimamoto and S. Ishiwata -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mechanical Measurements in Myo brils -- 3. Mechanical Properties of Sarcomeres at the Precursor State to SPOC -- 3.1. Cooperative force generation modulated through the sarcomere structure -- 3.2. Cooperative force generation through the myosin binding.

3.3. Cooperative force generation under various activating states -- 4. Molecular Mechanism of SPOC -- 5. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Simulated Rotational Di usion of Fo Molecular Motor H. Yamasaki and M. Takano -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Model and Method -- 2.1. 3D structure of Fo -- 2.2. Protein model and interactions -- 2.3. Molecular Dynamics -- 3. Rotational Motion of the c-ring in Equilibrium -- 4. Non-equilibrium Rotational Motion -- 5. Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Part B Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics and Related Topics -- Thermodynamic Time Asymmetry and Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics P. Gaspard -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Breaking of Time Reversal Symmetry in Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics -- 3. The Relaxation Modes of Diffusion -- 4. Experimental Evidence of the Time Asymmetry of Nonequilibrium Fluctuations -- 5. The Fluctuation Theorem -- 6. Molecular Motors -- 7. Conclusion and Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- A Measurement-Based Puri cation Scheme and Decoherence H. Nakazato -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Repeated-measurement-based Puri cation Scheme: Ideal Case -- 2.1. Example 1: Qubit puri cation -- 2.2. Example 2: Entanglement extraction -- 3. Incorporation of Decoherence -- 3.1. Purification under dephasing environment -- 3.2. Dissipative environment -- 4. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Quantum Fluctuation Theorem in the Existence of the Tunneling and the Thermal Activation T. Monnai -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Quantum Escape Rate -- 3. Local Detailed Balance for Quantum Thermal Hopping -- 4. Fluctuation Theorem -- 5. Large Deviation Expression -- 6. Summary -- References -- Statistical Properties of the Inter-occurrence Times in the Two-dimensional Stick-slip Model of Earthquakes T. Hasumi and Y. Aizawa -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Two-dimensional Stick-slip Model.

3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Probability density distribution -- 3.2. Survivor function -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Second Harmonic Generation and Polarization Microscope Observations of Quantum Relaxor Lithium Doped Potasium Tantalate H. Yokota and Y. Uesu -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental Conditions -- 2.1. SHG microscope observations -- 2.2. Polarization microscope observations -- 3. Experimental Results and Discussions -- 3.1. SHG microscope observations -- 3.2. Polarization microscope observations -- References -- Thermoelectric Properties of Ni-doped LaRhO3 S. Shibasaki, Y. Takahashi and I. Terasaki -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental Method -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 4. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Collective Precession of Chiral Liquid Crystals under Transmembrane Mass Flow G. Watanabe, S. Ishizuka and Y. Tabe -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods: MD Simulation -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Torque Calculation for the Single Molecule -- 3.2. Discussion -- 4. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Interplay of Excitons with Free Carriers in Carrier Tunneling Dynamics S. Lu, A. Tackeuchi and S. Muto -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental Procedure -- 3. Experimental Results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part C Astrophysics as Interdisciplinary Science -- New View on Quantum Gravity: Micro-Structure of Spacetime and Origin of the Universe B. L. Hu -- 1. Origin of the Universe and Quantum Gravity -- 1.1. What is meant by the `Origin' of the Universe? -- 1.2. What is Quantum Gravity? { Classical to Quantum, Macro to Micro -- 1.3. General Relativity as the Hydrodynamics of Spacetime Microstructure -- 2. Two Major Paradigms in Physics and Two Directions of Research in Cosmology -- 2.1. Two paradigms: Elementary Particle versus Condensed Matter Physics.

2.2. Two Aspects in Cosmology -- 2.3. Two Directions of Cosmological Research -- 3. The Mescoscopic Structures of Spacetime and Stochastic Gravity -- 3.1. The three lowest layers: Classical, Semiclassical and Stochastic Gravity -- 3.2. Mesoscopic Structure and Stochastic Gravity -- 3.3. Spacetime as an Emergent Collective State of Strongly Correlated Systems -- 4. One Vein of the `Hydro' View: Spacetime as Condensate? -- 4.1. Unconventional view 1: All sub-Planckian physics are low temperature physics -- 4.2. Unconventional view 2: Spacetime is, after all, a quantum entity -- 5. Implications for the Origin of the Universe and other Issues -- References -- Colliding Branes and Its Application to String Cosmology Y. Takamizu -- 1. Basic Idea of Colliding Branes -- 2. Reheating Mechanism in Colliding Two Branes Universe -- 3. Fermions on Colliding Brane -- 4. Collision of Two Domain Walls in Asymptotic Anti de Sitter Spacetime -- 5. Colliding Branes and Black Brane Production -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- One-Loop Corrections to Scalar and Tensor Perturbations during Ination -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Stochastic Gravity -- 3. Loop Corrections to the Correlation Functions -- 3.1. Scalar Perturbations -- 3.2. Tensor Perturbations -- 4. Discussion -- References -- Variational Calculation for the Equation of State of Nuclear Matter toward Supernova Simulations H. Kanzawa, K. Oyamatsu, K. Sumiyoshi and M. Takano -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Uniform Matter at Zero Temperature -- 3. Uniform Nuclear Matter at Finite Temperatures -- 4. Thomas-Fermi Calculations for Atomic Nuclei -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Two Strong Radio Bursts at High and Medium Galactic Latitude S. Kida and T. Daishido -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Observation -- 3. Analysis -- 4. Results -- 5. Discussion and Conclusion -- 5.1. New type radio transients.

5.2. New population -- References -- Effects of QCD Phase Transition on the Ejected Elements from the Envelopes of Compact Stars Y. Yasutake, S. Yamada, T. Noda, M. Hashimoto and K. Kotake -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Input Physics -- 3. Result and Discussion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Presentation Titles -- Author Index.