PSEUDORABIES (AUJESZKY'S DISEASE) AND ITS ERADICATION -- PSEUDORABIES (AUJESZKY'S DISEASE) AND ITS ERADICATION -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- PSEUDORABIES (AUJESZKY'S DISEASE) AND ITS ERADICATION -- FOREWORD -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- CONTRIBUTORS -- REVIEWERS -- TIMELINE AND MILESTONES -- Chapter 1 THE CHANGING SWINE INDUSTRY -- Chapter 2 EMERGENCE OF THE VIRUS -- COEXISTENCE, 1813-1960S -- HISTORY OF EMERGENCE OF THE VIRULENT FORM OF THE DISEASE -- Chapter 3 CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFECTS OF THE VIRUS -- THE VIRUS -- REPLICATION -- HOST RANGE -- TRANSMISSION -- LATENCY -- IMMUNITY -- EPIDEMIOLOGY -- CLINICAL SIGNS -- PATHOLOGY -- Chapter 4 EARLY ATTEMPTS AT CONTROL -- QUARANTINES -- ANTISERUM FIELD TRIALS -- Illinois -- IOWA -- Chapter 5 VACCINES DIAGNOSTICS AND LICENSING -- HISTORY -- DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINES AND DIAGNOSTICS -- FIELD APPLICATIONS OF THIS TECHNOLOGY -- PROGRESS IN SMALL STEPS -- Case-by-Case Accomplishments -- Licensing Gene-deleted Vaccines/Diagnostic Test Kits -- General Licensing Requirements for Vaccines -- Additional Requirements for Gene-Altered Vaccines -- General Licensing Requirements for Diagnostics -- Approval of PRV Diagnostic Tests -- Chapter 6 PLANNING FOR ERADICATION -- COMMITTEES -- Livestock Conservation Institute/National Institute for Animal Agriculture -- The Seventh Draft Eradication Plan -- Pseudorabies Control Board -- National Pork Producers -- United States Animal Health Association -- State/Producer Pseudorabies Advisory Committees -- PROGRAM STANDARDS -- Stage I - Preparation -- Stage II - Control -- Stage III - Mandatory Herd Cleanup -- Stage IV - Surveillance -- Stage V - Free -- PILOT PROJECTS -- Illinois -- Iowa -- North Carolina -- Pennsylvania -- Wisconsin -- Chapter 7 INTRODUCING ERADICATION -- DEBATE ON NEED AND PHILOSOPHY OF PROGRAM'S DEVELOPMENT -- JOINT PARTICIPATION AND DECISIONMAKING.

THE ROLE OF THE NATION'S PORK PRODUCERS -- THE ROLE OF THE NATION'S VETERINARIANS -- Chapter 8 IMPLEMENTING THE PLAN -- SURVEILLANCE AND CASE FINDING -- Area Testing -- First-Point Testing -- Slaughter Surveillance -- Monitoring at Diagnostic Laboratories -- Herd Testing for Certification -- Meat Juice Testing -- Feral Swine Monitoring -- HERD CLEANUP OPTIONS -- DATA MANAGEMENT -- Eradication Network -- Routine Reporting Elements and Channels -- Systems for Managing Pseudorabies Data at the State Level -- LABORATORIES -- REVIEW/OVERSIGHT -- THE IOWA EFFORT -- THE NORTH CAROLINA EFFORT -- CERTIFIED ACCREDITED VETERINARIANS -- CHALLENGES OF CARCASS DISPOSAL -- ACCELERATED PSEUDORABIES ERADICATION PROGRAM -- Chapter 9 COMPLETING ERADICATION -- THE INDIANA EXPERIENCE -- THE MINNESOTA EXPERIENCE -- THE NEBRASKA EXPERIENCE -- THE PENNSYLVANIA EXPERIENCE -- Chapter 10 BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS -- IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY -- THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY -- Chapter 11 FERAL SWINE -- DEFINING THE PROBLEM -- FERAL SWINE PILOT PROJECT -- A CASE FOR VERTICAL TRANSMISSION -- CHARACTERIZATION OF PSEUDORABIES IN FERAL SWINE -- REGULATORY ISSUES -- POST-ERADICATION ISSUES -- FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS -- Chapter 12 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN -- Chapter 13 LESSONS LEARNED AS VIEWED BY THE TECHNICAL COORDINATORS -- PORK PRODUCERS -- NPPC, NPB, AND STATE PORK PRODUCER ASSOCIATIONS -- STATE ADVISORY COMMITTEES -- STATE ANIMAL HEALTH OFFICIALS -- VETERINARIANS -- THE COMMITTEES -- WORKING TOGETHER -- VACCINE AND DIAGNOSTIC TESTS -- FUNDING -- PILOT PROJECTS -- FLEXIBLE HERD PLANS TO FIT THE PRODUCER'S SITUATION -- MARKET OPERATORS -- COMPLIANCE INVESTIGATORS -- DON'T DELAY -- TRAINED PROFESSIONAL STAFF -- MANDATORY PROGRAM -- PROVIDE INFORMATION -- UPDATE LISTINGS OF SWINE PREMISES AND CONTINUE ANIMAL IDENTIFICATION -- BIOSECURITY -- CONTINUED RESEARCH -- FERAL SWINE.

SURVEILLANCE -- READINESS FOR AN EMERGENCY RESPONSE -- FINAL THOUGHTS -- Chapter 14 SELECTED REFERENCES -- Chapter 15 APPENDIX I: THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PSEUDORABIES, A FIELD GUIDE -- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PRV -- History -- Virus Characteristics -- 1. Host Range -- 2. Latency -- 3. Environmental survivability -- 4. Infection in the presence of neutralizing antibodies -- Clinical Signs -- Transmission -- Vaccines -- Diagnosis -- Control Programs -- Surveillance and Case Finding -- REFERENCES -- Other Pseudorabies Information Available from Livestock Conservation Institute -- Other Swine Industry Educational Materials Available from Livestock Conservation Institute -- Chapter 16 APPENDIX II: SWINE PSEUDORABIES ERADICATION GUIDELINES: PLANS FOR ELIMINATION OF PRV FROM A SWINE HERD -- GUIDELINES FOR ERADICATING PSEUDORABIES FROM A SWINE HERD -- Factors to Consider -- Selecting a Strategy to Eliminate Herd Infection -- Plans for Elimination -- Plans for Removal from the Grow-Finish Herd -- Stop Spread in Grow-Finish -- Plans for Removal from the Breeding Herd -- Plan A -- Test and Removal -- Plan B -- Offspring Segregation -- Procedure -- Plan C -- Depopulation-Repopulation -- Considerations, planning -- Timing -- Depopulation -- Other options include: -- Cleanup -- Disinfection -- Rodents -- Repopulation -- Security -- Other Pseudorabies Information Available from Livestock Conservation Institute -- Other Swine Industry Educational Materials Available from Livestock Conservation Institute -- Chapter 17 APPENDIX III: PSEUDORABIES ERADICATION -- INTRODUCTION -- PART I - DEFINITIONS -- Accredited Veterinarian -- Administrator -- Approved All-Class Market -- Approved Differential Pseudorabies Test -- Approved Feeder-Pig Market -- Approved Slaughter Market -- Breeding Herd -- Certificate -- Common Ground -- Deputy Administrator -- Direct Shipment.

Exposed Livestock -- Exposed Swine -- Farm of Origin -- Infected Livestock -- Interstate -- Intrastate -- Isolation -- Known Infected Herd -- Licensed Pseudorabies Vaccine -- Livestock -- Moved -- National Pseudorabies Control Board -- Official Pseudorabies Epidemiologist -- Official Pseudorabies Herd-Cleanup Plan -- Official Pseudorabies Serological Test -- Official Pseudorabies Test -- Official Random-Sample Test (95/10) -- Official Random-Sample (95/5) -- Oversight Committee, National Pork Producers Council -- Permit -- Prevalence -- Pseudorabies -- Pseudorabies-Monitored Feeder-Pig Herd -- Pseudorabies-Restricted Feeder-Pig Market -- Pseudorabies Vaccinates -- Quarantined Feedlot -- Quarantined Herd -- Recognized Slaughtering Establishment -- State/Area -- State Animal Health Official -- State Pseudorabies Committee -- State Representative -- Surveillance Index -- Swine Not Known to be Infected with or Exposed to Pseudorabies -- Veterinarian-in-Charge -- Veterinary Services -- Veterinary Services Representative -- PART II - ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES -- A. Supervision of the Cooperative State-Federal-Industry Pseudorabies Eradication Program -- B. Entering Premises -- C. Providing Services to Livestock Owners -- D. Notifying the Community of Pseudorabies-Infected Herds and Quarantined Feedlots -- E. Dealers-Registration and Recordkeeping -- F. Administrative Review of Program Activities -- G. Application for Program Status -- PART III - PROGRAM STAGES AND REQUIREMENTS -- Stage I - Preparation -- A. To qualify for Stage I recognition, the application for Program status shall provide documentation that the following standards are met -- B. Duration of status -- Stage II - Control -- A. To qualify for Stage II recognition, the application for Program status shall provide documentation that the following standards are met -- B. Voluntary Herd Cleanup.

C. Duration of Status -- Stage III - Mandatory Herd Cleanup -- A. To qualify for Stage III recognition, the application for Program status shall provide documentation as follows -- B. During Stage III -- C. Disposition of herds -- D. Duration of status -- Stage IV - Surveillance -- A. The application for Program status shall demon strate that the standards of Stage Ill are in effect and shall document that -- B. The surveillance program required for Stage IIImust be continued at the same rate -- C. A slaughter-hog surveillance program that includes feedlots must be conducted -- D. Vaccination is prohibited except by permission of the State animal health official in high-risk herds or as part of an approved herd-cleanup plan -- E. Swine import requirements are as follows -- F. Intrastate swine movements-no restrictions -- G. Duration of status -- Stage V - Free -- A. To qualify for this final surveillance stage, the application for Program status shall provide evidence that the State is implementing the standards of Stage IV -- B. In addition, the State must document that -- C. Duration of status -- PART IV - PARTICIPATION IN HERD PLANS AND RELEASE OF QUARANTINES -- Subpart I - The Qualified Pseudorabies-Negative Herd -- A. Establishment of a qualified pseudorabies-negative (QN) breeding herd -- B. QN breeding herd status may be maintained by annual pseudorabies testing as follows -- C. Reestablishment of QN breeding herd status following confirmation of infection in the herd -- D. Establishment and maintenance of QN growout premises on which no adult breeding swine are maintained: -- Subpart II - The Qualified-Negative Gene-Altered Vaccinated (QNV) Herd -- A. Establishment of a QNV herd from a non-pseudorabies-vaccinated breeding herd of unknown pseudorabies status.

B. Any qualified pseudorabies-negative herd may achieve QNV status if all swine in the herd over 6 months of age are vaccinated with a single official gene altered pseudorabies vaccine.