Philosophy as a Way of Life -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Foreword -- 1 Introduction -- The Life of Pierre Hadot -- Memories -- The Present Volume -- Notes -- 2 Ancient Philosophers: A First Statistical Survey -- How Can We Identify Ancient Philosophers? -- The DPhA as a Sample of Ancient Philosophical Society -- Discarding Intruders -- What is a Philosopher, After All? -- Chronological Interval -- How Can Philosophers Be Dated? -- A Simplified Mediterranean Map -- Some Known Artifacts -- Available Parameters -- Gender Study -- So Many Schools -- Leading Schools -- Schools in History -- Greek Philosophers Saved by Direct Transmission -- Where Did They Come From? -- Where Did They Study? -- Where Did They Teach? -- Teacher and Students -- Teaching and Book Writing -- Philosophers on Stone -- Statues and Portraits -- Sidelines -- Philosophers and Politics -- Conclusions -- Notes -- 3 Philosophy as a Way of Life: As Textual and More Than Textual Practice -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- Notes -- 4 Charismatic Authority, Spiritual Guidance, and Way of Life in the Pythagorean Tradition -- A Promising Field of Research: The Greco-Roman Tradition of "Guidance of the Soul" -- Particularities of the Pythagorean Tradition: Variety, (Dis)Continuity, Source Problems -- A Constant Factor: The Practice of the Pythagorean Way of Life as a Path Toward Spiritual Perfection -- Pythagoras as "Guide in Education" and Beloved Master: The Testimony of Plato's Republic -- Ipse Dixit: The Charismatic Authority of Pythagoras and its Basis -- In Search of the Master's Authentic Words: The Primitive Catechism Contained in the Acousmata -- A Set of Normative Prescriptions Intended to Inculcate a Disciplined Life Conduct56 -- A "Path Toward Perfection" Aiming at Personal Salvation -- The "Communitarian" Dimension: The Pythagorean Sect as Locus for Education and Guidance.

Toward a Rational Morality: The Avatars of Pythagorean Spiritual Guidance -- A Digest of Spiritual Guidance in Verse Networked With Other Guidance Texts: The Pythagorean Golden Verses -- Notes -- 5 Alcibiades' Love -- Notes -- 6 Stoics and Bodhisattvas: Spiritual Exercise and Faith in Two Philosophical Traditions -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- Notes -- 7 Philosophy as a Way of Life: Spiritual Exercises from the Buddha to Tagore -- Spiritual Exercises and the Aesthetic Analogy -- Philosophy and Therapy -- Plutarch and the Buddhists: Returning Oneself to the Present Moment -- A Life Complete at Every Moment -- Taming the self -- Philosophy and the Ends of Life -- Notes -- 8 Approaching Islamic Philosophical Texts: Reading Mullā Ṣadrā Šīrāzī (d. 1635) with Pierre Hadot -- Notes -- 9 Philosophy and Self-improvement: Continuity and Change in Philosophy's Self-conception from the Classical to the Early-modern Era -- Introduction: The Path of Modern Philosophy -- Philosophy in Antiquity -- A Medieval Shift? -- Cartesian Continuities -- The Scientific Turn -- Notes -- 10 Descartes' Meditations: Practical Metaphysics: The Father of Rationalism in the Tradition of Spiritual Exercises -- Form and Method -- Universal Doubt as an Exercise of Thought -- Cogito: "Noticing" One's Own Thought -- Attention and Knowledge of God -- The Meditations as a Form of Life -- Notes -- 11 Leading a Philosophical Life in Dark Times: The Case of Leonard Nelson and His Followers -- Nelson's Philosophy as a Way of Life -- Nelson's Spiritual Exercises -- Coda -- Notes -- 12 Philosophy as a Way of Life and Anti-philosophy -- "Antiphilosophy" -- Does Defining Philosophy as a Way of Life Mean Being an Antiphilosopher? -- Antiphilosophy or Archphilosophy? -- Notes -- 13 Philosophy and Gestalt Psychotherapy -- Introduction -- Theory in Psychotherapy -- The Origins of Gestalt Psychotherapy.

The Central Theoretical Commitments of Gestalt Psychotherapy -- Holism -- Theory of Growth -- Gestalt Formation -- Interruptions of Contact -- Introjection -- Retroflection -- Philosophical Reflection on Gestalt Psychotherapy -- Note -- 14 Wittgenstein's Temple: Or How Cool is Philosophy? -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- V -- VI -- VII -- VIII -- IX -- X -- Notes -- 15 Observations on Pierre Hadot's Conception of Philosophy as a Way of Life -- Introduction -- The Philosophy of Martin O'Hagan -- An Innocent in Vancouver: My Encounter with Analytic Philosophy -- Hadot, Analytic Philosophy, and the Big Questions -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- Supplemental Images.