Understanding and Preventing Violence -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- An Overview of Biological Influences on Violent Behavior -- GENETIC MECHANISMS -- STUDIES OF HUMANS -- STUDIES OF ANIMALS -- NEUROCHEMICAL MECHANISMS -- ENDOCRINE MECHANISMS AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR -- Steroids -- Other Hormones -- NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND RECEPTORS -- Dopamine -- Norepinephrine -- Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine) -- Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid-Benzodiazepine Receptors -- BRAIN MECHANISMS AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR -- NEUROANATOMIC APPROACH -- NEUROPSYCHOLOGIC APPROACH -- PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGIC APPROACH -- NEUROIMAGING APPROACH -- HYPOGLYCEMIA, DIET, AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR -- REFERENCES -- Genetics and Violence -- ANIMAL STUDIES -- HUMAN BEHAVIORAL GENETIC STUDIES -- INTRODUCTION -- MENDELIAN DISORDERS -- CHROMOSOMAL ANOMALIES -- GENETICS AND PERSONALITY TRAITS -- Juvenile Antisocial Behavior -- ADULT ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR -- NORWEGIAN TWIN STUDY -- Danish Twin Study -- Danish Adoption Studies -- Swedish Adoption Study -- Iowa Adoption Studies: Crowe -- Iowa Adoption Studies: Cadoret -- VIOLENCE AND HUMAN GENETICS -- Summary and Critical Overview of the Results -- PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE HUMAN GENETIC RESEARCH -- SOCIOBIOLOGY, EVOLUTIONARY THEORY, AND VIOLENCE -- GENETICS, RACE, AND VIOLENCE -- REFERENCES -- The Neurobiology of Violence and Aggression -- ANIMAL MODELS OF AGGRESSION -- FELINE MODELS OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR ELICITED BY BRAIN STIMULATION -- ORGANIZATION AND CONTROL OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN THE CAT -- THE ANATOMY OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR -- PREDATORY ATTACK -- Afferent Connections -- Efferent Connections -- AFFECTIVE DEFENSE BEHAVIOR -- Afferent Connections -- Efferent Connections -- LIMBIC-MIDBRAIN MODULATION OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN THE CAT -- NEUROPHARMACOLOGY OF AGGRESSION: THE OPIOID PEPTIDE SYSTEM.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS BASED ON DATA FROM STUDY OF FELINE MODELS OF AGGRESSION -- HUMAN STUDIES OF AGGRESSION AND VIOLENCE -- INTRODUCTORY AND DEFINITIONAL STATEMENTS -- Adaptive Versus Maladaptive Violence and Aggression: Animal and Human Models -- Measuring the Dependent Variable -- VIOLENCE IN PERSONS WITH NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS -- Schizophrenia -- Alcoholism -- Epilepsy -- Aggression as an Epileptic Equivalent -- Violence as the Independent Variable-Is There a Brain Disorder in Such Patients? -- Violent Offenders-Nonsex Crimes -- Violent Offenders-Sex Crimes -- TREATMENT OF VIOLENCE -- Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and Pharmacotherapy -- Psychosurgical Treatment of Violent Offenders -- Treatment of Violence-A Commentary -- SOCIAL CLASS, AGE, AND GENDER RELATED TO VIOLENCE -- PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGIC STUDIES RELATED TO VIOLENCE -- DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH RELATED TO VIOLENCE -- Neurodevelopmental Issues -- Possible Etiological Variables -- Some Areas Not Addressed-Some Roads Not Traveled -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Hormonal Aspects of Aggression and Violence -- AGGRESSION AND VIOLENCE -- TERMINOLOGIES OF AGGRESSION -- Potential for Harm or Damage -- Intentionality -- Arousal -- Aversiveness -- AGGRESSION AS A CONCEPT -- Aggression and Communication -- Utilities of Aggression -- Different Tests for Animal Aggression -- HETEROGENEOUS NATURE OF HUMAN AGGRESSION AND VIOLENCE -- HORMONES AND AGGRESSION -- NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY -- DEFINING "HORMONE" -- STUDIES INVOLVING HORMONES AND "AGGRESSION" -- EARLY PROGRAMMING EFFECTS OF HORMONES -- STUDIES ON NONPRIMATES -- INFRAHUMAN PRIMATE STUDIES -- HUMAN DATA -- HORMONES AND PUBERTY -- STUDIES ON NONPRIMATES -- INFRAHUMAN PRIMATE STUDIES -- HUMAN DATA -- INFLUENCES OF SEX HORMONES ON ADULT AGGRESSIVE MOTIVATION -- STUDIES ON NONPRIMATES -- INFRAHUMAN PRIMATE STUDIES -- HUMAN DATA.

BODILY RHYTHMS AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR -- ADRENOMEDULLARY FUNCTION AND HUMAN AGGRESSION -- "INDIRECT" EFFECTS ON AGGRESSION AND HOSTILITY -- EFFECTS OF HORMONES ON PERCEPTION -- EFFECTS OF HORMONES ON SIGNAL GENERATION -- EXPERIENCE-INDUCED CHANGES IN HORMONAL STATUS OF THE RECEIVER -- HORMONE-AGGRESSION CORRELATIONS IN MAMMALS -- INFLUENCES OF FIGHTING ON ENDOCRINE FUNCTION IN MAMMALS -- HORMONES, ALCOHOL, AND VIOLENCE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Neurochemistry and Pharmacotherapeutic Management of Aggression and Violence -- NEUROSCIENCE PERSPECTIVE -- TYPES OF AGGRESSIVE AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR -- CONCLUDING STATEMENT -- NEUROCHEMISTRY AND NEUROPHARMACOLOGY OF AGGRESSION AND VIOLENCE -- CATECHOLAMINES -- Noradrenergic Correlates of Animal Aggression -- Dopaminergic Correlates of Animal Aggression -- Catecholaminergic Correlates Of Human Aggression And Violence -- Neuropharmacologic Manipulations of Catecholamines -- SEROTONIN -- 5-HT Correlates of Animal Aggression -- Neuropharmacologic Manipulations of 5-HT in Animals -- 5-HT Correlates of Human Aggression and Violence -- CONCLUDING STATEMENT -- GABA -- GABA AND AGGRESSION -- Gaba Correlates of Animal Aggression -- Neuropharmacologic Modulation of GABA -- ACETYLCHOLINE -- PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS -- ANTIPSYCHOTICS -- Concluding Statement -- ANTIDEPRESSANTS -- Noradrenergic and Serotonergic Reuptake Blockers and MAO Inhibitors -- Lithium -- Concluding Statement -- ANXIOLYTICS -- GABAA-BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTOR-CHLORIDE CHANNEL COMPLEX, AGGRESSION, AND VIOLENCE -- 5-HT Anxiolytics -- Beta-Blockers -- Concluding Statement -- REFERENCES -- Nutrition and Violent Behavior -- INTRODUCTION -- RESEARCH ON DIET AND BEHAVIOR -- METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES -- EXPERIMENTAL STRATEGIES -- SUGAR AND BEHAVIOR -- SUGAR, HYPOGLYCEMIA, AND BEHAVIOR -- SUGAR AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR.

RESEARCH NEEDS FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF SUGAR ON VIOLENT BEHAVIOR -- SUGAR AND ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY -- FOOD ADDITIVES AND ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY -- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLOOD CHOLESTEROL AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR -- LEAD TOXICITY AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Index.