ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- 1. THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Data models -- 1.3 Measurement models -- 1.4 Outline of the study -- PART I. THEORY AND METHOD -- 2. THE DETERMINISTIC MODEL: THE GUTTMAN SCALE -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The perfect scale -- 2.3 The two sets as populations -- 2.4 The imperfect scale: the problem of "error" -- 2.5 Coefficients of scalability -- 2.6 Procedures of scale analysis -- 2.7 The quasi-scale: a stochastic model -- 3. PROBABILISTIC RESPONSE: LATENT STRUCTURE MODELS -- 3.1 Latent structure analysis -- 3.2 Latent structure models for dichotomous data -- 4. HOMOGENEITY AND HOLOMORPHISM IN SCALING MODELS: SOME SIMPLE PROPERTIES -- 4.1 Holomorphic two-parameter models -- 4.2 Scale statistics: score, reliability, scalability and patterns -- 4.3 Approximate sampling distributions -- 5. A CLASS OF SCALING PROCEDURES -- 5.1 Summary and evaluation of the findings -- 5.2 Description of scaling procedures -- PART II. APPLICATIONS IN POLITICAL RESEARCH -- 6. CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON: THE DISCOVERY OF DIMENSIONAL IDENTITY -- 6.1 On cross-cultural comparison -- 6.2 The study -- 6.3 The study -- 6.4 A Dutch study (Amsterdam, 1964) -- 6.5 A second Dutch study (Amsterdam, 1965) -- 6.6 A scale of political interest -- 6.7 Conclusions -- 7. THE CROSS-CULTURAL ROBUSTNESS OF SCALES: POLITICAL EFFICACY -- 7.1 Dutch-American comparisons of the "sense of political efficacy" -- 7.2 Some further possibilities -- 8. AN EXPLORATION OF POLITICAL EFFICACY -- 8.1 A Dutch extension of the efficacy scale -- 8.2 An analysis across sub-groups -- 8.3 A broader efficacy dimension: a combined scale (17 items) -- 8.4 Investigating the double monotony of scales -- 8.5 The reliability of doubly monotone scales -- 9. APPLICATIONS OF MULTIPLE SCALING -- 9.1 Scaling opinion leadership.

9.2 The sense of civic competence and the sense of political efficacy -- 9.3 Influence stereotypes -- 9.4 Scaling political participation -- APPENDIX -- 1 Sampling design -- 2 The Dutch text of the scales -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.