About the editors -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- Figures and tables -- Figures -- 1.1 Number of regional trade agreements (RTAs) in effect by year -- 1.2 Spaghetti bowl of PTAs in the Western hemisphere -- 2.1 Dynamics of intra-African exports by region, 1980-2008 -- 2.2 Dynamics of intra-African imports by region, 1980-2008 -- 2.3 African South-South exports, 1980-2008 -- 3.1 An emerging East Asian community -- 4.1 The SAARC-SAPTA/SAFTA interface -- 4.2 Tariff reductions across regions (1986-2002) -- 4.3 Stability index -- 4.4 The process in reverse -- 5.1 Developed and developing countries' involvement in WTO panels (1995-2010) -- 5.2 Composition of WTO panels according to country member category (1995-2012) -- 6.1 Evolution of outward foreign direct investment by group of origin -- 6.2 Selected South countries' OFDI flows, 1980-2008 -- 6.3 Indian OFDI stock: main South destinations -- 7.a1 Brazilian trade balance, 1990-2011 -- 7.a2 Brazilian trade balance with developing countries, 1990-2011 -- 7.a3 Brazilian trade balance with developing countries, 1990-2011 -- 7.a4 Brazilian trade balance with G20 members, 1990-2011 -- 7.a5 Brazilian trade balance with G20 members, 1990-2011 -- 7.a6 Brazilian trade balance with BRICs (incl. South Africa), 1990-2011 -- 7.a7 Brazilian trade balance with BRICs (incl. South Africa), 1990-2011 -- 7.a8 China's contribution to Brazilian exports to developing countries, 1990-2011 -- 7.a9 China's contribution to Brazilian imports from developing countries, 1990-2011 -- 7.a10 Individual contributions to Brazilian exports to BRICS, 1990-2011 -- 7.a11 Individual contribution to Brazilian imports from BRICs, 1990-2011 -- 7.a12 Brazilian trade balance with BRICs in relation to developing countries,1990-2011 -- 7.a13 Brazilian trade balance with developed countries, 1990-2011.

7.a14 Brazilian trade balance with developed countries, 1990-2011 -- 7.a15 Brazilian exports, developing versus developed countries, 1990-2011 -- 7.a16 Brazilian imports, developing versus developed countries, 1990-2011 -- 7.a17 Brazilian export balance with selected countries (1990-2011) -- 7.a18 Brazilian import balance with selected countries (1990-2011) -- 7.a19 Brazilian FDI, 2001-08 -- 7.a20 Brazilian direct investment abroad, 2001-08 -- 8.1 Volume of trade between Brazil and its CAN neighbours, 1992-2009 -- 8.2 Volume of trade between Brazil and its Mercosur neighbours, 1992-2008 -- 8.3 Brazil's total trade with India, South Africa and Argentina, 1992-2008 -- 9.1 Manufacturing exports, billions of current dollars -- 10.1 GCC trade with India -- 10.2 GCC trade with China -- 10.3 India's trade with GCC countries -- 10.4 China's trade with GCC countries -- 10.5 Shares of India and China in Saudi Arabian imports -- 10.6 Shares of India and China in UAE imports -- 10.7 Shares of India and China in Saudi Arabian exports -- 10.8 Shares of India and China in UAE exports -- Tables -- 1.1 The 'new regionalism' in the Americas -- 1.2 'Post-liberal' regional blocs -- 1.3 Evolution of intra-regional trade flows -- 1.a1 RTAs in the Americas -- 2.1 Major regional economic communities in Africa -- 2.2 Intra-African trade by RECs, percentage of total trade -- 2.3 African South-South aggregate trade, percentage of total trade -- 2.4 African South-South trade by country, percentage of total country trade -- 3.1 Proposed East Asian Community in relation to the EU and NAFTA in 2008 -- 4.1 Intra-regional trade comparisons -- 5.1 Proliferation of developing country coalitions in the GATT/WTO, 1973-2007 -- 6.1 Top OFDI sources in terms of stock, 2008 -- 6.2 Indian OFDI stock, 1976-86 -- 6.3 Indian OFDI stock, 1996-2009.

6.4 1986 Brazilian OFDI accumulated flows by destination -- 6.5 Brazilian OFDI stock, 2001 and 2008 -- 6.6 Major acquisitions, 1993-2000, by value -- 6.7 Largest greenfield FDI projects, 2002-04 -- 6.a1 Major acquisitions by Indian companies, 2001-June 2009 -- 6.a2 Major acquisitions by Brazilian companies, 2000-08 -- 8.1 Comparative outcomes for the emerging powers and the OECD -- 9.1 Growth and reform in China and LAC, 1980-2010 -- 9.2 Five countries, eight sectors, dominate LAC trade to China -- 9.3 Share of China exports in selected countries and sectors, 2008 -- 9.4 Chinese FDI in Latin America: major projects and motivations -- 9.5 Selected major Chinese services contracts in LAC -- 9.6 China: taking away the (manufacturing) ladder? Percentage of world manufacturing exports -- 9.7 Exports to the world, percentage under 'threat' from China -- 10.1 Bilateral investment treaties -- 10.2 Estimates of total foreign assets in December 2006 -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- South-South economic cooperation: historical understanding -- Recent trends in South-South economic cooperation -- Understanding the future of South-South economic relations -- Conclusion -- References -- 1 Latin American economic cooperation: causes and consequences of regime complexity -- The changing landscape of regional trade and economic cooperation in the Americas -- Table 1.1 The 'new regionalism' in the Americas -- Figure 1.1 Number of RTAs in effect by year -- Figure 1.2 Spaghetti bowl of PTAs in the Western hemisphere -- Table 1.2 'Post-liberal' regional blocs -- The causes of RTA proliferation and regime complexity in the Americas -- The consequences of RTA proliferation and regime complexity -- Table 1.3 Evolution of intra-regional trade flows: intra-regional trade coefficient -- Conclusions -- Appendix -- Notes -- References.

2 African trade and economic integration: longer-range prospects -- African trade and economic integration in historical perspective -- The nature and structure of trade and regional economic integration in Africa -- Table 2.1 Major regional economic communities in Africa -- Assessment of intra-African economic integration and trade performance -- Figure 2.1 Dynamics of intra-African exports by region, 1980-2008 -- Figure 2.2 Dynamics of intra-African imports by region, 1980-2008 -- Table 2.2 Intra-African trade by RECs, percentage of total trade -- Figure 2.3 African South-South exports, 1980-2008 -- Table 2.3 African South-South aggregate trade, percentage of total trade -- Table 2.4 African South-South trade by country, percentage of total country trade -- Longer-range future prospects for trade and economic integration in Africa -- Policy recommendations for accelerating trade and economic integration in Africa -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 3 Financial crisis and regional economic cooperation in Asia-Pacific -- Impetus for regional economic cooperation in Asia -- Emerging patterns of regional economic integration in Asia and the case for broader arrangements -- Figure 3.1 An emerging East Asian community -- Table 3.1 Proposed East Asian Community in relation to the EU and NAFTA in 2008 -- Gains from economic integration in the EAS framework -- Priority areas for cooperation for EAS -- A coordinated approach to reforms in global economic governance -- Concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- 4 Regional trade integration and conflict resolution: an institutional paradigm -- Figure 4.1 The SAARC-SAPTA/SAFTA interface -- Research question -- South Asian RTAs: mapping South Asian regional trade agreements -- Do RTAs promote peace? -- Figure 4.2 Tariff reductions across regions (1986-2002) -- Table 4.1 Intra-regional trade comparisons.

Does conflict constrain trade? -- Figure 4.3 Stability index -- Figure 4.4 The process in reverse -- The dominant-country paradigm -- Looking to the future -- Notes -- References -- 5 Developing countries at the WTO in a changing global order -- Motivations behind developing country coalitions -- Developing country coalitions in the Doha Round -- Table 5.1 Proliferation of developing country coalitions in the GATT/WTO, 1973-2007 -- Participation with teeth: developing countries and WTO dispute settlement -- Figure 5.1 Developed and developing countries' involvement in WTO panels (1995-2010) -- Figure 5.2 Composition of WTO panels according to country member category (1995-2012) -- Final remarks -- Notes -- References -- 6 South-South foreign direct investment flows: wishful thinking or reality? -- More than three decades of South investment -- Figure 6.1 Evolution of outward foreign direct investment by group of origin -- Figure 6.2 Selected South countries' OFDI flows, 1980-2008 -- Table 6.1 Top OFDI sources in terms of stock, 2008 -- India case study -- Figure 6.3 Indian OFDI stock: main South destinations -- Table 6.2 Indian OFDI stock: 1976-86 -- Table 6.3 Indian OFDI stock, 1996-2009 -- Brazil case study -- Table 6.4 1986 Brazilian OFDI accumulated flows by destination -- Table 6.5 Brazilian OFDI stock, 2001 and 2008 -- Table 6.6 Major acquisitions, 1993-2000, by value -- Table 6.7 Largest greenfield FDI projects, 2002-04 -- Development effects of South-South investments -- Conclusions -- Appendix -- Notes -- References -- 7 Brazil: South-South economic relations and global governance -- Brazil and South-South trade relations: an overview -- Challenges of forging mechanisms of economic governance -- Concluding remarks -- Notes -- Reference -- Annexe: figures and graphs -- 8 South-South trade and the environment.

Trade and the environment: an overview.