Front Matter -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- 1 Rethinking the Foundations of Assessment -- 2 The Nature of Assessment and Reasoning from Evidence -- INTRODUCTION -- 3 Advances in the Sciences of Thinking and Learning -- 4 Contributions of Measurement and Statistical Modeling to Assessment -- INTRODUCTION -- 5 Implications of the New Foundations for Assessment Design -- 6 Assessment in Practice -- 7 Information Technologies: Opportunities for Advancing Educational Assessment -- 8 Implications and Recommendations for Research, Policy, and Practice -- References -- Appendix Biographical Sketches -- Index.