Front Matter -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I Improving the Allocation Process for Federal Science and Technology -- Determining Principles for Allocating Federal Funds -- Conclusions, Recommendations, and Discussion -- Looking to the Future -- Endnotes -- Part II Supplements: Background and Rationale -- Supplement 1 The Evolution and Impact of Federal Government Support for R&D in Broad Outline -- Supplement 2 Federal Funds for R&D and FS& -- Supplement 3 Current Processes for Allocating Federal R&D Funds -- Supplement 4 Interactions Between Federal and Industrial Funding and the Relationship Between Basic and Applied Research -- Endnotes -- Appendix A Senate Report Language for the Prospective Study on Allocation of Federal R&D Funding -- Appendix B Committee and Staff Biographical Information -- Appendix C Acknowledgments -- Appendix D List of Commissioned Background Papers -- Appendix E Acronyms.