FrontMatter -- Preface -- Acknowledgment of Reviewers -- Contents -- Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Review of NASA's Program Evolution in the Life and Physical Sciences in Low-Gravity and Microgravity Environments -- 3 Conducting Microgravity Research: U.S. and International Facilities -- 4 Plant and Microbial Biology -- 5 Behavior and Mental Health -- 6 Animal and Human Biology -- 7 Crosscutting Issues for Humans in the Space Environment -- 8 Fundamental Physical Sciences in Space -- 9 Applied Physical Sciences -- 10 Translation to Space Exploration Systems -- 11 The Role of the International Space Station -- 12 Establishing a Life and Physical Sciences Research Program: Programmatic Issues -- 13 Establishing a Life and Physical Sciences Research Program: An Integrated Microgravity Research Portfolio -- Appendixes -- Appendix A: Statement of Task -- Appendix B: Glossary and Selected Acronyms -- Appendix C: Committee, Panel, and Staff Biographical Information.