Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1 Setting the Stage -- Doubling in Rome -- Methodologies -- Dyadic Rivals -- Situating the Problem -- Sources and Historicity -- Plan of the Argument -- 2 Birds -- Ennius -- The Fragment -- The End of the Contest -- Cassius Hemina -- Conclusion -- 3 Invective -- Romulus and Republican Politics -- Catullus -- Sallust, [Sallust], and Cicero -- Plutarch -- Dionysius, Livy, and Late Republican Fragments -- Cicero -- Horace -- Conclusion -- 4 Rites -- The Lupercalia -- The Lupercalia of 44 -- The Parilia -- Quirinus -- Conclusion -- 5 Art -- Republican Depictions -- Augustan-Era Depictions -- Castor and Pollux -- Conclusion -- 6 Walls -- Dionysius and Livy -- Vergil -- Propertius -- Ovid -- The Fasti -- The Metamorphoses -- Trogus -- Conclusion: Romulus and Remus -- 7 Parallels -- Romulus and Titus Tatius -- Amulius and Numitor -- Brutus the Liberator and Other Founders of the Republic -- Conclusion -- 8 Tyrants -- Manlius Capitolinus and Camillus -- Regnum -- The Rival-less Rector -- Conclusion -- Conclusion -- Works Cited -- Index.