EXERCISE THERAPY IN ADULT INDIVIDUALS WITH OBESITY -- EXERCISE THERAPY IN ADULT INDIVIDUALS WITH OBESITY -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- LIST OF CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS -- Chapter 1: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF OBESITY AND ASSOCIATED CO-MORBIDITIES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DEFINITION AND ASSESMENT OF OBESITY -- OBESITY AND MORTALITY RISK -- OBESITY IS A WORLD WIDE EPIDEMIC -- METABOLIC AND PATHOLOGIC CONSEQUENCES OF ABDOMINAL OBESITY -- Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM) -- Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) -- Asthma -- Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome -- Neoplasia -- Orthopedic Injuries -- Gastrointestinal Disease -- Mortality -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2: EVALUATION OF BODY COMPOSITION IN THE OBESE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BODY COMPOSITION MODELS -- BODY ADIPOSE TISSUE CONTENT AND DISTRIBUTION -- BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) -- WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AND WAIST-HIP RATIO -- ANTHROPOMETRY -- BIOLELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS -- DUAL ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY (DXA) -- DENSITOMETRY BY HYDROSTATIC WEIGHING -- AIR DISPLACEMENT PLETHYSMOGRAPHY -- CT AND MRI SCANNING -- DILUTION TECHNIQUES (HYDROMETRY) -- ULTRASOUND MEASUREMENT OF ADIPOSE TISSUE -- OBESE SUBJECTS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3: EVALUATION OF THE OBESE PATIENT AHEAD OF EXERCISE INTERVENTION -- ABSTRACT -- RISKS AND BENEFITS OF EXERCISE FOR THE OBESE INDIVIDUAL -- EXISTING RECOMMENDATIONS ON PRE-PARTICIPATION EVALUATION -- RISK STRATIFICATION -- Individual Risk Profile -- Assessment of PA/Fitness -- The Intended Level of PA -- RECOMMENDED EVALUATION OF OBESE INDIVIDUALS PRIOR TO EXERCISE -- Evaluation of Sedentary Obese Individuals -- Evaluation of Physically Active Obese Individuals -- EVALUATION OF OTHER POTENTIAL BARRIERS TO PA IN THE OBESE PATIENT -- Orthopedic Disorders -- Pulmonary Disorders -- Mental/Psychological Disorders.

CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4: CALORIC RESTRICTION AND/OR INCREASING EXERCISE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- SECTION 1: CALORIC RESTRICTION -- Caloric Restriction and Body Composition -- Caloric Restriction and the Lipid Profile -- Caloric Restriction and Blood Pressure -- Caloric Restriction and Glucose Metabolism -- Caloric Restriction and Inflammatory Markers -- Caloric Restriction and Quality of Life -- SECTION 2: EXERCISE -- Exercise and Body Composition -- Exercise and the Lipid Profile -- Exercise and Blood Pressure -- Exercise and Glucose Metabolism -- Exercise and Inflammatory Markers -- Exercise and Quality of Life -- Comparison of Caloric- and Exercise-Induced Body Weight Loss -- SECTION 3: CALORIC RESTRICTION AND EXERCISE COMBINED -- Caloric Restriction and Exercise and Body Composition -- Caloric Restriction and Exercise and the Lipid Profile -- Caloric Restriction and Exercise and Blood Pressure -- Caloric Restriction and Exercise and Glucose Metabolism -- Caloric Restriction and Exercise and Inflammatory Markers -- Caloric Restriction and Exercise and Disease Incidence -- Adherence to Lifestyle-Induced Obesity Reduction -- SECTION 4: GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5: EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY IN OBESE SUBJECTS: CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES OF THE HEART IN OBESE SUBJECTS -- THE CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE TO EXERCISE IN THE OBESE -- EFFECT OF BODY WEIGHT LOSS AND EXERCISE TRAINING ON MYOCARDIAL FUNCTION, AND RESPONSE TO EXERCISE, IN THE OBESE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6: EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY IN OBESE SUBJECTS: RESPIRATORY FUNCTION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Ventilatory Responses to Exercise -- Gas Exchange -- Expiratory Flow Limitation -- Effects of Body Weight Loss on Pulmonary Function -- CONCLUSION.

REFERENCES -- Chapter 7: EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY IN OBESE ADULTS: ENDOCRINE HORMONE REGULATION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- IMPACT OF ACUTE EXERCISE -- Catecholamines: Epinephrine and Norepinephrine -- Growth Hormone -- Cortisol -- Insulin -- Atrial Natriuretic Peptide -- Endocrine Hormones Which Remain to Be Examined -- CAN DISTURBED HORMONAL RESPONSES TO ACUTE EXERCISE BE REVERSED BY LONG-TERM EXERCISE INTERVENTION? -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8: EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY IN ADULT OBESITY: MUSCLE FUNCTION AND MOBILITY -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- OBESITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITY -- OBESITY, AGING AND PHYSICAL FUNCTION -- OBESITY IS RELATED TO OSTEOARTHRITIS AND OTHER MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS -- OBESITY AND MUSCLE FUNCTION -- MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND QUALITY: IMPLICATIONS FOR AGING, OBESITY AND FUNCTION -- THE ROLE OF DECREASED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN IMPAIRED MUSCLE FUNCTION -- PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND IMPROVED MUSCLE FUNCTION -- WEIGHT REDUCTION AND PHYSICAL FUNCTION -- PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND EXERCISE STRATEGIES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9: EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY IN ADULT OBESITY: BRAIN FUNCTION AND THERMOREGULATION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- OBESITY AND THE BRAIN -- Brain Structures -- Brain Neurotransmitters -- EXERCISE -- The Role of Brain Neurotransmitters during Exercise -- Obesity, Exercise and Neurotransmitters -- THERMOREGULATION -- Temperature Regulation in Obesity -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10: FAT OXIDATION AND LIPOLYTIC CAPACITY IN OBESITY -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- I. LIPOLYSIS AND FATTY ACID MOBILIZATION -- 1. Molecular Regulation of Lipolysis -- 2. Adipose Tissue Blood Flow -- 3. Fatty Acid Mobilization during Exercise -- 4. FA Mobilization in Obesity -- II. REGULATION OF FAT OXIDATION DURING EXERCISE -- 1. Contribution of Different Lipid Sources -- 2. Exercise Intensity and Duration.

3. Determinants of Fat Oxidation during Exercise -- 4. Fat Oxidation in Obesity -- III. METABOLIC ADAPTATIONS TO EXERCISE TRAINING -- 1. Lipolysis and Fatty Acid Mobilization -- 2. Fat Oxidation and Metabolic Flexibility -- 3. Muscle Lipid Partitioning and Insulin Sensitivity -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11: MOTIVATING PATIENTS WITH OBESITY TO EXERCISE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE PROBLEM OF ADHERENCE -- STRATEGIES FOR MOTIVATING PATIENTS TO EXERCISE -- General Principles for Enhancing Motivation to Exercise -- ASSESSING THE PATIENTS' EXERCISE LEVELS AND BARRIERS TO CHANGE IN A NON-JUDGMENTAL WAY -- INVOLVING PATIENTS ACTIVELY IN THE DECISION TO CHANGE -- STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING PATIENT'S ADHERENCE TO EXERCISE -- Tailoring Activity Goals to Individual Patients -- Goal Setting -- Self-Monitoring -- Stimulus Control -- Involving Significant Others -- Building the Mindset of an Active Lifestyle -- RESPONDING TO NON-ADHERENCE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12: IMPACT OF TRAINING MODALITIES ON ADIPOSE TISSUE MASS LOSS IN THE OBESE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EFFECT OF ENDURANCE EXERCISE TRAINING ON ADIPOSE TISSUE MASS IN THE OBESE -- IMPACT OF EXERCISE TRAINING MODALITIES ON ADIPOSE TISSUE MASS LOSS IN OBESE SUBJECTS -- a. Impact of Program Duration -- b. Impact of Additional Resistance Exercises -- c. Impact of Continuous Exercise Training Intensity -- d. High-Intensity Interval Exercise Training -- e. Impact of Exercise Training Session Volume/Duration -- f. Impact of Training Frequency -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13: IMPACT OF EXERCISE INTERVENTION ON INFLAMMATION, IMMUNITY AND DISEASES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- IL-6 TRIGGERS LOW-GRADE SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION BUT MEDIATES ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTION OF EXERCISE -- MYOSTATIN, FOLLISTATIN AND EXERCISE -- BDNF AND EXERCISE.

METABOLIC SIGNATURE(S) OF EXERCISE AND NUR77 EXPRESSION -- PUFAS, LIPOXINS, NITRIC OXIDE AND EXERCISE -- AUTOPHAGY, PGC1-Α, AND EXERCISE -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14: IMPACT OF EXERCISE TRAINING ON HABITUAL ACTIVITY AND FOOD INTAKE IN THE OBESE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- ACUTE EXERCISE -- CHRONIC EXERCISE -- Health Benefits -- METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES -- EFFECTS ON FOOD INTAKE -- INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY -- COMPENSATORY MECHANISMS -- Appetite-Related Peptides -- Gastric Emptying -- Substrate Oxidation -- Hedonic Processes -- Psychological Eating Behavior Traits -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15: VARIATION IN ADIPOSE TISSUE MASS LOSS IN THE OBESE FOLLOWING EXERCISE INTERVENTION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- A MODEL FOR ADIPOSE TISSUE CHANGE AFTERREGULAR EXERCISE -- FACTORS AFFECTING FAT INTAKE -- Compensatory Changes in Diet -- Digesting Nutrients That Enhance or Suppress Post-Prandial Lipemia and Glucose Levels -- Digesting Nutrients that Reduce Fat Absorption -- FACTORS AFFECTING FAT OXIDATION -- Compensatory Changes in Physical Activity Patterns -- Exercising and Living in Hot and Cold Environments -- Digesting Nutrients That Increase or Decrease Fat Oxidation -- Fat Oxidation Rate -- INDIVIDUAL FACTORS AFFECTING FAT BALANCE -- Genetic Influences -- Body Composition -- Endocrine Effects -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16: EMERGING CONCEPTS IN EXERCISETRAINING FOR OBESE SUBJECTS: EXERCISE TRAINING IN FASTING CONDITION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF LIPID-INDUCED INSULIN RESISTANCE -- ACUTE EXERCISE IN THE FASTED STATE -- ENDURANCE EXERCISE TRAINING IN THE FASTED STATE -- In Healthy Individuals -- In Obese Individuals -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.