Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Introduction -- Why deliberative democracy? -- What this book will argue -- Chapter 1 -- Locating the Discussion -- The consociational model -- The normative-empirical interface -- Two problems with normative standards -- Treading the middle ground -- Chapter 2 -- Division, Democracy and Deliberation -- The basic problem -- Ethno-national conflict -- Democratic values -- Intrinsic equality -- Intrinsic equality -- Personal autonomy -- Defining deliberative democracy -- Chapter 3 -- Deliberating National Identity and Citizenship -- Civic and ethnic nationalism -- Liberalism -- Republicanism -- The deliberative alternative -- Chapter 4 -- The Requirement of Reciprocity -- What is reciprocity? -- Reciprocity versus combat -- Reciprocity and bargaining -- Reciprocity and voting -- Reciprocity and the creation of shareable goods -- The content of public reason -- Chapter 5 -- The Requirement of Publicity -- Justifying publicity -- The difficulties of negotiating peace agreements -- Levelling the playing field -- Making secrecy public -- Chapter 6 -- Dilemmas of Exclusion -- Political exclusion -- Is deliberative democracy exclusionary? -- Expanding the content of democratic deliberation -- From particular stories to general principles -- Chapter 7 -- Civil Society and Political Institutions -- Civil society -- Consociational democracy revisited -- Segmental autonomy -- Electoral systems -- Legislatures and governing coalitions -- Concluding remarks -- Bibliography -- Index.