Opportunities to Improve Marine Forecasting -- Copyright -- Abstract -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- FINDINGS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 1 The Marine Observing and Forecasting System -- OBSERVING SYSTEMS -- DATA COLLECTION -- GLOBAL WEATHER AND OCEAN PREDICTION -- NOAA's Center for Ocean Analysis and Prediction -- TAILORED MARINE FORECASTING -- U.S. Government Forecasts -- Private Sector Forecasting -- PRODUCT DISSEMINATION -- DATA ARCHIVAL AND RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -- 2 Users of Marine Forecasts -- RESPONSES TO COMMITTEE SURVEY -- Question 1:  Are You Using Marine Forecasting Services? -- Question 2:  What Services Beyond Those Presently Available Would You Find Useful? -- Shipping -- Oil and Gas -- Fisheries and Recreation -- Question 3:  Do You Supply Observations of Marine Weather and/or Ocean Conditions to Any Organization? -- Question 4:  Which of These Forecasted Parameters Affect Your Decisions in Marine Operations? -- Question 5:  Can You Quantify the Benefits that Would Accrue to Your Segment of the Marine Industry ... -- Question 6:  Can You Describe and Quantify Losses that Have Occurred in Your Segment of the Marine I ... -- WORKSHOP DESCRIPTION -- RECONCILIATION OF QUESTIONAIRE AND WORKSHOP RESULTS -- Question 1:  Reconciliation -- Question 2:  Reconciliation -- Question 3:  Reconciliation -- Question 4:  Reconciliation -- Questions 5 and 6:  Reconciliation -- ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE -- EXPECTED BENEFITS OF FORECASTING IMPROVEMENTS -- 3 Findings and Recommendations -- FINDING 1:  IMPROVED COORDINATION IS NEEDED -- Marine Data Collection -- Data Assimilation and Modeling -- Product Dissemination -- Private Sector Forecasts -- FINDING 2:  HURRICANE FORECASTING IS ADEQUATE AND SOURCES OF DATA AND FORECASTING TECHNIQUES SHOULD ... -- FINDING 3:  MORE SYNOPTIC DATA ARE NEEDED -- Operational Oceanographic Satellite.

Lost Data Opportunities -- FINDING 4:  IMPROVEMENTS ARE NEEDED IN RESOLUTION IN SPACE AND TIME AND FORECAST HORIZON -- Shipping -- Oil and Gas Exploration and Production -- Fishing and Recreational Boating -- Dredging and Ocean Engineering -- FINDING 5:  IMPROVED DISSEMINATION SYSTEMS AND LINKAGE TO NAVY MARINE FACSIMILE BROADCAST ARE NEEDED -- NOAA Weather Radio -- The NAVTEX System -- Marine Facsimile and Radio Teletype -- FINDING 6:  THE NEED FOR NEW SYSTEMS FOR FORECASTING INTERNAL OCEAN WEATHER EXISTS -- FINDING 7:  EFFORTS ARE NEEDED TO UNDERSTAND AND OPERATIONALLY FORECAST EPISODIC WAVES AND EXPLOSIVE ... -- Episodic Waves -- Explosive Cyclogenesis -- Appendix A Biographies of Committee Members -- Appendix B Questionnaire and Responses -- Appendix C Workshop Participants -- COMMITTEE MEMBERS -- LIAISON REPRESENTATIVES -- INVITED PARTICIPANTS -- MARINE BOARD STAFF -- Appendix D Workshop Agenda -- Appendix E: Working Group 1: Wind, Wave, and Swell -- SOURCES OF FORECAST INFORMATION AND DATA -- PERCEIVED USER REQUIREMENTS -- Direct Data Links -- National Weather Service -- Private Sector -- CONCLUDING REMARKS ON BENEFITS -- ATTENDEE COMMENTS -- Appendix F Working Group 2: Tropical and Extratropical Storms -- FINDINGS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- TROPICAL STORMS -- Forecasts -- Shoreside Response -- Fishing Fleet Response -- Shipping Response -- Offshore Petroleum Response -- Needs and Priorities -- EXTRATROPICAL STORMS -- Shipping -- Open-Ocean Resolution -- Explosive Cyclogenesis -- Episodic Waves -- FISHING -- OFFSHORE PETROLEUM -- DREDGING -- Appendix G Working Group 3: Currents, Ocean Processes, and Ice -- CAPABILITIES -- Ocean Observing Network -- Prediction Capabilities -- USER COMMUNITY REQUIREMENTS -- Marine Transportation Industry -- Fisheries Industry -- Oil and Gas Industry -- U.S. Coast Guard -- U.S. Navy -- OTHER ISSUES -- Processes.

COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS -- SUMMARY -- Appendix H Working Group 4: Nearshore Forecasting -- PRESENT MARINE WEATHER SERVICE -- CURRENT MARINE OBSERVATIONS -- MARINE NEARSHORE USERS -- USER NEEDS -- ADEQUACY OF PRESENT CAPABILITIES -- IMPROVING THE PRODUCT AND SERVICES -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- Recommendations Concerning Overall Capabilities -- Recommendations for Dissemination Systems -- HIGHLIGHTS -- Appendix I Working Group 5: Collection, Reporting, Dissemination, and Display -- COLLECTION OF MARINE OBSERVATIONS -- Delayed and Lost Data -- Unused Sources of Data -- Expected Improvements and Benefits -- DISSEMINATION OF MARINE WEATHER PRODUCTS -- User Education and Enhanced Suite of Data Available to Users -- Nearshore User -- Offshore User -- Digital Data Transmission -- Cost of Dissemination Channels -- RECOMMENDATIONS.