Table of Contents -- 1. Overview of employment trends and projections -- Main findings -- Introduction -- A. Labour market performance and projections -- B. The structural picture: Long-term joblessness, concerns about job quality and social impact -- C. Recent trends in social well-being and unrest -- D. Structure of the report -- Appendix A Country groupings by income level -- Appendix B The impact of financial crises on employment: An empirical analysis -- Appendix C Determinants of social unrest -- References -- 2. Income distribution and middle-income groups across the world -- Main findings -- Introduction -- A. Trends in income and wage inequalities -- B. Middle-income groups in advanced economies -- C. Middle-income groups in emerging and developing economies -- D. Policy challenges -- Appendix A: Country classifications by income level -- References -- 3. Role of minimum wages in rebalancing the economy -- Main findings -- Introduction -- A. Minimum wages and jobs: A review of the literature -- B. Key design features of minimum wage systems -- C. Concluding remarks on the aggregate distributional and employment effects of minimum wages -- Appendix A: Sources for the data on coverage of minimum wages -- Appendix B: Detailed information on minimum wage systems in selected developing countries -- Appendix C: Distribution of wages around minimum wages -- Appendix D: Methodology to analyse the impact of minimum wages on employment -- References -- 4. Investment for a job-friendly recovery -- Main findings -- Introduction -- A. Global patterns and trends in investment -- B. Overview of economy-wide and firm profitability -- C. Empirical analysis of investment factors -- D. Policy considerations -- Appendix A: Empirical analysis of firm-level investment behaviour -- Appendix B: Indicators of progress with respect to financial reform.

References -- 5. How to shift to a more equitable and job-friendly economic path -- Main findings -- Introduction -- A. Challenges associated with the current macroeconomic stance -- B. Moving towards a more job-friendly and equitable approach -- C. The political economy of a job-friendly approach -- References -- Recent publications -- List of figures, tables and boxes by chapter -- FIGURES -- Figure 1.1 Projected working-age population, total employment and employment rate, 2006-18 -- Figure 1.2 Employment rates in the fourth quarters of 2007, 2010 and 2012 (percentages) -- Figure 1.3 Change in the number of discouraged workers as a percentage of inactive population between 2008 and 2011 (percentage points) -- Figure 1.4 Labour force (index 2007=100) and unemployment rate (percentage) with and without cyclical effect, 2007-12 -- Figure 1.5 Relationship between change in labour market performance and change in estimated "job quality" (percentage points), 2007-11 -- Figure 1.6 Change in the social unrest index: Pre-crisis (2006/07) versus post-crisis (2011/12) -- Figure 2.1 Income inequalities in 2007 and latest available year -- Figure 2.2 Wage polarization in advanced economies -- Figure 2.4 Change in the size of the middle-income group, 2007 and 2010 (as a percentage of total population) -- Figure 2.5 Sizes of different income groups in emerging and developing economies, 1999-2010 -- Figure 2.6 Incidence of different income groups in emerging and developing economies, selected economies, 2010 (percentage) -- Figure 3.1 Minimum wage systems across the world -- Figure 3.2 Legal coverage of minimum wage legislation in selected developing economies -- Figure 3.3 Dependent paid employment as a proportion of total employment in selected developing economies.

Figure 3.4 Minimum wages as a percentage of full-time median wages in selected advanced economies -- Figure 3.5 Ratio of minimum wages to mean and median wages in selected developing economies -- Figure 3.6 Compliance and minimum wages in selected developing economies -- Figure 3.7 Annual percentage change in real earnings in the informal economy between the mid-2000s and the late-2000s -- Figure 3C.1 Comparing the distribution of wages and legal minimum wages, all wage earners -- Figure 4.1 Changes in investment as a share of GDP (percentage points) -- Figure 4.2 Investment-employment relationship, 2007-12 -- Figure 4.5 Cash holdings among publicily listed firms (as a percentage of total assets) -- Figure 4.6 Dividends and share buy-backs (as a percentageof total assets and in trillion USD) -- Figure 4.7 Ratio of CEO and executive compensation to average compensation in the economy, 2007 and 2011 -- Figure 5.1 Change in selected government expenditure items between 2009 and 2012 (in percentage points of GDP) -- Figure 5.2 Net effect on Eurozone unemployment rates of a 1 per cent increase in real wages in surplus Eurozone countries, 2014 and 2015 (percentage points) -- TABLES -- Table 1.1 Unemployment by region, 2007, 2012, 2013 and 2015 (million) -- Table 1.2 Changes in unemployment, long-term unemployment and inactivity rate by type of employment recovery (percentage points) -- Table 1B.1 Regression results -- Table 1C.1 Weight of the variables used for the social unrest score -- Table 1C.2 Variables and sources -- Table 1C.3 Determinants of social unrest (2006-12) -- Table 3.1 Wage inequality indices, change in inequality between mid-2000s and late 2000s -- Table 3B.1 Level of minimum wage rates per month (VND) in Viet Nam, 2011 -- Table 3D.1 Impact of minimum wages on employment (Instrumental Variable (IV) regression).

Table 3D.2 Time period and variables for analysing employment effects -- Table 4.1 Distribution of global investment by country grouping and major economies, 2000, 2007 and 2012 -- Table 4.2 Average compensation of CEOs and executives by type, 2011 (percentages) -- Table 4A.1 Definitions and abbreviations of variables -- Table 4A.2 Summary statistics all regions, 2001-11 -- Table 4A.3 Regression Results -- Table 4B.1 Current state of financial sector reforms -- Table 5.1 Simulated effects of job-friendly policies, 2014 -- Table 5.2 Examples of measures aimed to support and balance incomes -- Table 5.3 Examples of measures to reinforce employment relationships and upgrade skills -- BOXES -- Box 1.1 Chile and Colombia: Outperforming global employment norms -- Box 1.2 Cyclical sensitivity of the labour force participation rate -- Box 1.3 Constructing the social unrest index -- Box 2.1 Defining and measuring the middle-income group -- Box 2.2 Post-crisis trends in the middle-income group -- Box 3.1 ILO Minimum Wage Conventions: A historical overview -- Box 4.1 Measures to restore credit flows to SMEs -- Box 4.2 Streamlining executive compensation: Examples of recent reform initiatives -- Box 5.1 Job-centred approach in times of crisis: Experiences of Argentina and Sweden -- Box 5.2 Macroeconomic policies aimed at fostering employment creation -- Box 5.3 How employment and social coherence have been addressed in international policy discourse.